I'raab Special Types — Beyond the Standard Endings

0:00 The language of Quran, lesson 7, part 2. Assalamu alaikum and welcome to lesson 7, part 2. In part 1, we went through the primary ways of expressing i'rāb, three different ways of declension, the fully declined, the partly and the mabni. In this lesson, we're going to look at the special categories outside those insha'Allah. So the three primary ways of declension are, number 1, munsarif, ghayru munsarif and mabni.

0:27 And of course, the example we had was muhammadun, muhammadan, muhammadin, fully declining, it takes thanween, has three different endings in the three different i'rāb. And also, the partly declining, which is the example word is ibraheemu, ibraheema, ibraheema. Changes, but only in two and nasab and jar is exactly the same. And mabni, on the other hand, does not change. And 85%, of course, we've been referring to them as the majority. And 13%, ghayru munsarif and hadha, alladhina, etc.

1:01 About 2% of the words, they do not change in any of the three different i'rāb. So it'll be rafa, nasab and jar, exactly the same. So these are your primary ways of declension. Most common way of recognising the i'rāb of a ism is by the vowel sign at the end. So this category that we've been looking at so far have been those where the change in the vowel sign indicates the i'rāb of the ism. So let's quickly review those, inshallah.

1:29 And this is what you're familiar with already. And as you know, the vowel at the end or the thanween or the single will tell us what is rafa, nasab or jar. So this is what we've done so far. And they include our singular masculine, muslimun, singular feminine. And of course, it includes broken plurals as well as singular words. So the vast range are 85%.

1:52 And when al appears, we get a single vowel sign. So it is the haraka at the end that tells us what the i'rāb is. And that is why they are categorised as the recognition of i'rāb through the change of the vowel sign. Now, let's quickly look at the other category, which is the ghayru munsarif. They also change with the vowel sign. So you can see here, single vowel, u, a, and a. So instead of having three endings, got two.

2:19 But still, it is the vowel sign that will indicate to us whether it is rafa, nasab and jar. And of course, for nasab and jar, it's the same. And it is the role that will tell us in that case.

2:30 Anyhow, the word, ghayru munsarif, when al is added, as you've noted, it will become fully munsarif and it will take a kasra in jar status. So this is the changing of the vowel signs based on haraka, which we are already familiar with. There are categories of ism that do not change their i'rāb or indicate the change in the i'rāb based on vowel signs.

2:54 They use letters as a suffix. And we've seen already the duals and there are others inshallah. So in this session, we are now going to look at the special cases or special categories of ism that reflect their i'rāb or express their i'rāb other than using vowel signs at the end.

3:11 Now, these are already ones we are already familiar with. For example, here we have our duals and we have our masculine plurals, sound masculine plurals, and we have our sound feminine plurals. Please note that these ones we've studied in detail in lesson number four. Please refer back to that lesson. Now, here we can note very easily that it is not the change of a vowel, but a combination of vowels and letters. So here I'm adding a'ni and a'ini and a'ini.

3:42 And here I'm adding u'na and we have got i'na and we've got i'na. And of course here, a'tun, a'tin, a'tin. So it's not just vowels, but a combination of letters and vowels.

3:57 And just for your information, the masculine dual and the feminine dual is exactly the same except for the ta there which you can see, a'ni, a'ini, a'ini. And when we add al to this one, we end up with a single vowel. So in all of these cases, we are changing the i'rab or indicating, expressing the i'rab through a combination of letters and vowels.

4:18 So it is no longer single ending haraka, but a combination. So these are our special categories. And so far, of course, you're familiar with the dual, sound masculine plural, sound feminine plural, the ones we've done in lesson number four.

4:32 And in order to master lesson number four and all these endings, all you've got to do is memorise the Muslim table, which I asked you to do in lesson number four. And I asked you to do some examples, other words also. They will make life a lot easier for you and you'll begin.

4:49 Like we've seen with the duals and with the sound masculine plural, sound feminine plurals, they decline in their own way. We have also another set of ism which end with in sound in rafa, which you can see here, wadin, and also in jar. It also end with wadin.

5:07 And in the nasab, you see wadian, and for when we add al, of course, the tanween will disappear. But we have alwadi in the rafa and alwadia in the nasab and alwadi in jar. Now, why does that? Because it has a special ending, usually with a kasra before the ya, and it disappears in this indefinite, comes back in the definite.

5:34 And this is the details, inshallah, we pick up in the advanced form. Here, the purpose is to show you this another category, which declines or expresses this arab slightly differently than the standard way. And it is this way that this particular set of words, they decline in this way. And these names, these words are called manqus. Again, we don't have to learn the terminology at this stage, just be aware of them. There are some of them used in the Quran.

6:00 To illustrate how the declension or the expression of arab happens with these type of words, I've chosen one word, which is qadin, means a judge, a judge. And it declines exactly the same way or belongs to the manqus category of wadin. So I want to say a judge came. I saw a judge. So it will be raaitu qadian. So in the nasab, you see the fatha come back. So it is jar here. It is rafa here. And it is nasab here because of the role.

6:42 Again, I go back to remind you of rice. Then I want to say the judge came. When I add al to it, this is what happens to it. I get Again, the fatha is there for the nasab. So again, this is jar. This is rafa. And this is, of course, nasab. And you can see here how they decline. So these are special types of words.

7:08 And they are due to the phonetic reasons, the inshallah, which when you go into advanced sarf and inshallah, you finish book two, you look at these types of special words. So these are special declension, special ways of expressing their arab. And it only happens to this particular category of words. The next set of words we're going to look at are called maqsoor. Now, what happens with these? You can see the two fathas here. Two fathas there and two fathas there, tanween.

7:41 And they are the same in rafa, nasab and jar. So asan, asan, asan. Technically, there's an alif at the end. So asan, asan, asan. You can see here there is no change in the rafa, nasab and jar. When we add al, we end up with the tanween going al-asaa, al-asaa, al-asaa. Same thing with the word quran. Another example of the same type of words. And you can see al-quraa, al-quraa, al-quraa, quran, quran, quran.

8:08 And you can see here exactly the same principle. But these are another special set of categories. And they only decline in this specific way. Another set of words where we have alif at the end. And this alif at the end which is noticeable here. For example, you can see dunya, dunya, dunya. Again, for phonetic reasons, they do not change their ending. And when I put al in front, ad-dunya, ad-dunya, ad-dunya. Again, rafa, nasab and jar, exactly the same.

8:39 Bushraa, bushraa, bushraa, al-bushraa, al-bushraa, al-bushraa. You can see the same. Again, because there's no tanween with al, there is no change. So please note, again, another special set of way of expression in Arab. And it only happens with this type of, again, special category with the alif at the end. There are five special nouns in Arabic that decline a specific way when they're mudaf.

9:05 Now, mudaf we haven't studied. But we will pick up, inshallah, lesson number 10. But this specific example we looked at in lesson number 11.1. Now, here what we have, instead of a fatha, damma, kasra, or a combination of letters and vowels, we have three letters being used to express the Arab. Waw in rafa, alif in nasab, and ya in jar. Again, a different way of doing it. We will discuss it in detail in further lessons I'm giving you here for comprehensive notes.

9:38 So I want to say, So this is now rafa with a waw. Hamid's brother, with a nasab with a alif. And jar here, So instead of using any other thing, they're using specific letters. Waw for rafa, alif for nasab, and ya for jar. Again, this is only with these five special nouns. To illustrate the example, I want to say, Hamid's brother came. I would say, So this is now rafa. I saw the brother of Hamid. I gave salam to the brother of Hamid, or Hamid's brother.

10:40 So you can see the word using waw, alif, and ya. And again, the way we identify the Arab is through the role, the Arab, and this particular category uses a waw, alif, and ya to express its Arab. I hope this is making sense, but this particular set is very important because they're very frequently used in hadith in Quran.

11:05 We will be studying Abu and Ahu, that example, but it only happens when it's mudaf. Please wait till lesson number 10 for further details. The biggest confusion I've seen with people starting to learn the subject of Arab is when they start to assume or they're told that the final vowel sign or the haraka is Arab. This is technically not correct. It causes a lot of confusion, a lot of questions to come in the mind of the students. So please remove this from your mind.

11:34 The yes, for some sets of words, it will be the haraka, as we've seen many, many times, but it is not an exclusive rule. Just because you see a dhamma, it doesn't mean it will be rafa. Just because you see fatha, it doesn't mean it will be nasab. And just because you see a kasra, it's not necessary that it will be jar. It is dependent upon the category of ism, how it will express this. So take example of these words here.

12:02 Now we have muslimin and al-muslimi. Now we can tell for this type of words because they belong to the munsarif category. Yes, this is jar. No problem. Okay, because of the category. However, hadhi also has a kasra. We cannot say this is jar. Why? Because it is mabni. It could be rafa, nasab or jar. It is only the context that will tell us. And we have here muslimani. Again, we have a kasra at the end.

12:32 Kasra at the end, but this is actually rafa. This is rafa. Why? Because it is dual. Dual rafa ending is ani. So therefore, it is rafa. If it was nasab or jar, it will be ayni. Again, we have here masajida. Masajida, we cannot assume just it will be nasab alone. It could be jar also. Why? Because this is ghayru munsarif. So you can see with these examples here, the other ones I've shown you, qadin. Qadin could be rafa or jar.

13:03 Asan could be rafa, nasab or jar. So it is not always the final haraka. It is not the haraka, the vowel sign at the end that dictates the era.

13:13 Please note that this is a major confusion. If you just accept that as a fact and begin to learn the different categories, inshallah, this confusion will be removed, and you'll be able to make progress in your Arabic relatively quickly. Another confusion with i'rab that we need to tackle is the fact that in English, the i'rab itself on its own cannot really be translated.

13:34 For example, if I say to you, in either case, it is a book you'll translate. It is only the context that will tell you what is the difference between kitabun, kitaban, kitabin. Just example, for example, in English, he, him or his refers to the same person on its own. You can't really explain it with one word translation. You have to give he is the subject and him is, I don't know, object. And you can say his is possessive.

14:05 That kind of detail you may have to give. Same thing. So I have here a descriptive phrase, which you can see. Ja'a shaykhun kareemun, ra'aytu shaykhan kareeman, salamtu ala shaykhin kareemin. A noble sheikh came. I saw a noble sheikh. I gave salam to a noble sheikh. In all circumstances, the words shaykh and kareem have been translated the same. It is the context in which they appear that tells us the difference.

14:39 And this is why the Arab is so, so important. Otherwise, you'll be lost. We'll not be able to understand the text here. So what is the role, the function of the ism in Arabic? This is the most critical part of understanding the subject. So please note, the Arab itself cannot be translated. It does not change the meaning in English.

15:01 It gives us more detail about the role and the function that particular ism is doing in the sentence. In conclusion to all we've discussed so far, the intention behind this lesson is really to give you an overview. So you're not lost as you go progressing in Arabic.

15:16 Some of the stuff I've mentioned is usually studied in very advanced lessons. But because I've given you summarised notes without the pressure of terminology and understanding all the details at this stage, insha'Allah, I hope you'll not find this overwhelming. All you need to do is to be aware that 85% goes dun, dun, dun, dun, dun, but there are others like the duals, the sound masculine and plurals, the special types, the five nouns.

15:43 They all express their Arab differently. Why? Because they belong to a different category of ism. So now in the last part, insha'Allah, I'm going to give you an overview of rice. So you have a clear idea, role, Arab, and then you have the categories and the express, how they express their Arab. So these are the main ones that you're likely to come across in your studies all the way through advanced level. Please just make a note of them.

16:08 Don't be worried about all of them. I'm only going to mention a few. I'm going to tell you the overall mapping because I always believe that if I lay a map in front of you, you know exactly what you're going to be facing and you're not daunted by a fear of endless learning. This is not the case. The biggest problem in Arabic is not learning rules. Biggest problem is practising.

16:26 The more you practise, the easier it will become insha'Allah. So it is the role of the ism that dictates what its Arab will be. So it is the role that will tell us what its Arab will be. What do I mean by that? There are eight roles the grammarians in Arabic have identified which puts the ism in the Rafa or Marfu' Arab. Now Marfu' or Rafa, the eight of them are listed here. Don't worry about them.

16:59 The ones you already know are when it is Muqtada and when it is Khabar. So here Allahu is our Muqtada and the Khabar is Akbaru. So you can see here both the subject and the predicate, the Muqtada and the Khabar are Marfu' or in Rafa.

17:22 The other one we've covered with the examples of the Ja'a type sentence that we've been doing is number three, where we can see here insha'Allah the doer of the verb, doer of the verb Nasara Hamidun is always Rafa. And then the others insha'Allah we'll cover in the forthcoming lessons. We are going to cover number five in lesson number 13.

17:46 The others will be covered in the, sorry we're also going to cover I forgot number seven as well in lesson 14 insha'Allah and the rest will cover in book two. So the only eight reasons for an ism to be Rafa or Marfu' and insha'Allah in this course they're all planned for you because you need them for the purpose of understanding Quran. So please pay attention.

18:08 You're welcome to take a note of this. It's not necessary but it's also available in the appendix of the book. I've given you in detail insha'Allah. Grammarians have also identified 12 roles which indicates the ism to be in Nasab. 12 roles which will make the ism in the Nasab or Mansub. Now of course they sound daunting 12 of them.

18:30 How will I remember? In reality almost the first five are objects. And we're already familiar with the one type of object which we've called Mafool Bihi. If you remember direct object within a Ja'a Hamidun example. So here Ra'aytu Hamidun is when it's Nasab. So here is your object Zaidun. So again object is one and the rest are also object.

18:54 In lesson number 13 which is number 9 on your list we'll also cover another reason why an ism will go into Nasab. The rest of them will be covered insha'Allah in book 2 and I think in lesson 14 and 15 also will cover 11 and 12. So by the end of this book you'll have an idea of three.

19:14 The rest will be covered insha'Allah in book 2 as we go into some further details. So 12 roles for an ism to be in the Nasab or Mansub. There are only two reasons in Arabic grammar why an ism will be in Jar or Majroor. And they are first of all we've done quite a few examples. For example we said Salam to Ala Hamidun. I gave Salam to Hamid.

19:40 The word Ala is actually a special type of word. Harf called Harf of Jar. We're going to discuss them in detail in lesson 8 and 9. Please note Haroof of Jar they are called. They're used in the Quran almost 13,000 times. That means after lesson 8 and 9 how you understood why an ism in Jar you'll be able to recognise something in every line of Quran. I've told you the standard Mus'haf the one that is used by the Huffaz has 600 pages 15 lines per page.

20:11 So multiply that by that together get 9,000 lines. So after lesson 8 and 9 Insha'Allah you'll be able to recognise something on every line of Quran. So please pay attention to the lessons that are coming. So the first reason why an ism will be Jar is because before it there is a word like Ala. Word like Ala. So Mina Shaytani this is Jar.

20:33 So reason one Harf of Jar. Reason number two is going to be covered again in lesson number 11 and 12 which we can see here 11 and 12. And there we're going to discuss another reason why an ism goes into Jar and it is called Mudaf Ilayhi. So you can see here Hatha Baytur Rajuli. This is Jar. Why is Jar? Because Mudaf Ilayhi.

20:54 It is a possessive case in some grammar books is called. Again we're going to discuss in detail. The purpose for this is just an introduction. So you're not overwhelmed. So in summary we have 12 reasons for Nasab. 8 for Rafa and only 2 for Jar. And that's how we're going to cover the subject inshallah. And we will be able to have a complete overview of this subject. So we looked at role and Arab.

21:21 Now we're going to look at category and expression. So we have the categories here and we have the expression. The way they express their Arab is linked to the category. We mentioned that. Again let's quickly take an overview here. The purpose is not to go into any detail. We have here the first example which is done with our Harakat which you can see. And we've gone through this in detail. These are your Munsarif.

21:46 Those that go take Tanween and have three different endings in Arab. Either with Tanween or a single vowel. Then we have our Ghayru Munsarif which only have two endings. Then we have our Dammah. We have our Fathah. And we have our Fathah in Nasab and Jar. So that's your second type. And the third main one is your Mabni which does not change. So there is no indication or any vowel.

22:14 And they are exactly the same in Rafa, Nasab and Jar. So you can see here. So these are your main ones. The main three. The primary ways of expressing Arab. The Munsarif. And then we have non-changing like. This is all you need to cover the bulk of your expression of Arab. Then we have our duals which go in their own specific way.

22:49 Then we have also our plurals. Sound masculine plural and sound feminine plurals. Again this one you will be able to 100% grab if you just memorise the Muslim table mentioned in lesson number four. So if we have your. And that's all you need to cover again another very big bulk of the words that you are likely to come across. So these are your special categories. Duals. Sound masculine plurals. Sound feminine plurals.

23:23 Then the ones we've introduced in this set. We're not going to do any further detailed study of them. The first set we mentioned here with the vowel. Alif. Aniya. This is more common so I put it at the top of our list. And they decline or they express their Arab in this way. We will discuss them in lesson number 11. And then we have words like Musa.

23:44 Okay which technically not Mabni but they do not change at all. And again the Arab is said in this case to be hidden. And then we have our special cases like Qadin which we looked at special. And the others we will pick up inshallah in as we pick up the further lessons in this lesson inshallah. So you can you can see again categories of different categories expressing Arab in different ways. Please take a note of them.

24:11 Again just brief notes will do. Don't really overburden yourself at this stage. I just want you to be aware that there are differences. And these are minority ones very few. But if you concentrate on the 90% the 10% will look after themselves. So just focus that inshallah.

24:29 That's it brothers and sisters for a look at the Arab which is one of the most confusing subject for students. I hope and pray that the approach I'm taking is of benefit. I have received so much messages from so many of you are studying Arabic in so many other places. And have found these videos beneficial. Please do continue with your studies whatever you're studying with. But again do take advantage of whatever's there for your benefit inshallah.

24:54 The full details of how to get the book and everything is in the description. It's difficult to distribute outside but inshallah in the UK they're available. And also available through Amazon. But I've got the details in the description inshallah. The e-learning pack is also available for you to get for the book as well which you can follow. But I don't believe it's essential for you to have it.

25:14 If you got it great alhamdulillah. It'll make life easy for you. Most important thing is whatever I'm putting up. Please use it for the best of your advantage. And try to continue to learn. May Allah bless you with your good intentions. And may Allah make it easy for us. Don't forget to keep on making dua. Oh my lord increase me in knowledge.

25:34 May Allah bless you and reward you with the very best in this world and the hereafter. My respected brothers and sisters in Islam for your kind messages. And your support and your duas. And all the messages you're sending me. I'm really I'm grateful. Just keep on making dua. Allah gives me the ability to continue to produce these videos. And find the resources necessary to complete them. May Allah bless you again for all your kind messages.

25:59 Please do keep feedback. Any corrections errors. Whatever you see that will benefit others. Please let us know. Until the next video.