Idafah Special Features — Part 2

0:00 The language of Quran, easier than English, lesson 11, part 2. Assalamu alaikum, welcome to lesson number 11, part 2. Alhamdulillah, in part 1, we covered 3 of our key learning outcomes. In part 2, we're going to look at how a harf of jar, a harf of jar can join a edafah. So harf of jar, mudaf, mudaf ilayhi.

0:21 Very, very commonly used structure also in the Quran, as well as, of course, in Arabic in general. And we're going to look at how adjectives join with edafah and how can we correctly identify them. And the examples, or many examples of the edafah within the jumla ismiyah. So very, very important lesson, insha'Allah ta'ala. Couple of key learning outcomes still to cover. So let us begin with our du'a.

0:44 رَبِّ يَسِّرْ وَلَا تُعَسِّرْ وَتَمِّنْ بِالْخَيْرِ We ask Allah Azza wa Jal to make things easy for us, and remove all difficulties, and bless us with our ending in our study with goodness. Let's begin with the blessed name of Allah. Seeking His Divine Mercy, His Forgiveness, and His Help. Bismillahirrahmanirrahim. Harf of jar, followed by the edafah. So what do I mean when I say harf of jar, then an edafah? If you look at the English we have on the top, from the book of the teacher.

1:16 Of course, I could say that in more simpler English, or more common English, from the teacher's book. I just wanted to make sure that you are seeing the OF translation there. So I can say, from the book of the teacher.

1:28 So I say from first, which is min in Arabic, and I put that in. So inshallah, we're going to look at how that is constructed, and what does the impact the word min has on the edafah structure itself. It should be relatively easy inshallah, if you've done the lesson previously, which is 8 and 9, we looked at the haruf of jar in detail, min being the most commonly used word in the Quran.

1:51 So let us take a look at how we can form this structure. We want to say, from the book of the teacher, or from the teacher's book. Of course we will begin with min, because that is from, but ignore that for a moment, let us now look at the edafah that comes straight after it.

2:06 If I want to say, let me create some space, if I want to say kitabun muallimun, I'm going to do step by step so you're very clear what's going on, it is no meaning at all. I've just got two words, both in rafa. To make that part into edafah, let me change that colour so we can work on it separately.

2:27 I need to make that into a muraqab edafi. So the tanween will disappear, it will be kitabun, and it will be muallimun. So that is now a teacher's book. That is not good enough, I'm looking for al. So the teacher's book. So I'll put al here, al. Of course if I put al, the tanween disappears. So it will be kitabun muallimun. I hope you can all see that inshallah ta'ala.

2:54 However, I've got min in front. Min in front. So min will force now the mudaf, which is the ism after it. Remember I said after the harf of jar, it is the ism that comes after that is impacted. So that will become now min kitabi. So let's change that to another colour. Min kitabi al muallimi. Min kitabi al muallimi from the teacher's book. So what have I done here brothers and sisters? Let me underline that.

3:24 That is now one construct. So we have now one construct, which is harf of jar and ism majroor. You can see that inshallah very easily. Then we have another one linked to it. And let me see if I can highlight that in a different colour, so it just stands out. Let's try that.

3:40 So you have now here min kitabi, which is the muraqab jari. And then we have another one changed straight after, which is al mudaf, mudaf ilayhi. And that is what I mean by harf of jar, followed by an idafa.

3:54 This is very common in the Quran, and also in the Arabic language. So please note that what's going on here, we have a muraqab jari, chained to a muraqab idafi, and of course we can add other things afterwards if we so wish. So inshallah, I hope this is now easy in comparison to what we've been doing so far. Alhamdulillah. Now let us continue to look at a few more examples. Let us look at two Quranic examples of exactly what I've just shown you earlier.

4:19 First we have here, bi rabbin naas, which is translated with the Lord of Mankind. I think most of you probably know which surah this is from. So bi is my harf of jar, rabbi is my majroor, or ism majroor, coming together makes my muraqab jari. Now we know that already, alhamdulillah. Rab now becomes the mudaf, and then we have the mudaf ilayhi annasi. So you can see here, alhamdulillah, how scientifically it is done, and we can see it, how structured and beautiful the language is.

4:51 So this is bi rabbin naas, with the Lord of Mankind. And I hope inshallah it's not relatively difficult for you to see that we have two different constructs, one joining the other in a chain. Let's look at the second example here. We have from your Lord. From your Lord. So we have min, then we have rabbi, then we have kum.

5:13 I've separated it out so you can see two words joining together. Kum is your attached pronoun, min is your jar, and the rabbi is your majroor. Jar majroor, muraqab jari, which is now mudaf, the rabbi part, and then we have the mudaf ilayhi. Min rabbikum. When you read it together, of course you say min rabbikum. So you have now, two chained phrases, one coming after the other.

5:41 So in order to better illustrate the two things coming together, let's draw some boxes in different colours and you can see what is going on here. We have here the first part of the chain, we have the jar and the majroor coming together. And then we have another part of the chain where the rabb part becomes the mudaf and we have the mudaf ilayhi.

6:02 And that's how alhamdulillah structured you can see we have the two parts joining together. Birabbi, jar majroor, and rabb and annas, mudaf mudaf ilayhi. Then of course we have here the second example which you have already seen we have now alhamdulillah from here we can make the first box as well.

6:21 So let's do the first box we have the min rabbi exactly the same the first chain and let me change the colour again I forgot to put the box on. Anyway you can see what's going on here and we have our mudaf and our mudaf ilayhi now making another part of the chain. And this is how structured the language can be and because we developed in a systematic way you can see the chain effect and exactly what I mean.

6:50 And then this harf of jar followed by the idafa is very very common in the Quran and we will see some examples next inshaAllah. So we have three examples on the screen the first one being Bismillahi which I think you all know alhamdulillah we see 114 or so occurrences of it in the Quran then we have min tahdiha which is used in the Quran 34 times and then we have bi ayatina 41 times. These numbers are what I could find from my own research. I hope

inshaAllah they're correct. But we can see here the example let's look at the first one. We have exactly the same thing. We have Bismi then we have Allahi you can see here jar majroor, mudaf mudaf ilayhi. I hope again the two parts are very very easy for you to recognise. Let's look at the next one min tahdiha from underneath it just a simple translation I'm doing for you min from tahti. Why tahti? Because of min. So min is taken into majroor and then we have the

ha which is our attached pronoun. Jar majroor and then we have mudaf and mudaf ilayhi I hope again this is relatively easy for us now inshaAllah The third example bi ayatina bi, harf of jar and we have the word ayat which is of course is the plural of ayah then we have majroor, mudaf and we have the mudaf ilayhi so bi ayatina with our signs 41 times in the Quran so you can see alhamdulillah by learning these structures, learning them well we can now start opening

up the book of Allah azawajal and start looking for these things that we have learnt the more we see, the more it will remain in our knowledge base and of course it will help us with our understanding of Quran. Few more examples, I'm not going to analyse these for you I want you to do it by yourself inshaAllah I hope nothing is here complex and I've given you the number of times they appear or they are used in the Quran as far as I could find

so we have min qablihim ala kulli shay'in this is very common in the Quran ala kulli shay'in then we have bikulli shay'in with everything bighayri hisabin bighayri hisabin exactly the same construct seven times in the Quran please do take your time, analyse the parts and try to understand them for yourself use of adjectives in the idafah how are descriptive phrases used within the idafah structure or how are adjectives used with the idafah? Remember right from the beginning when we first looked at the adjective phrase or

descriptive phrase muraqabta usifi we said that the two parts may not always be next to each other, things can come in between whereas with jar majroor there is nothing coming in between mudaf mudaf ilayh there is nothing coming in between so how are we going to understand this use inshallah ta'ala with the idafah, what happens now we have here an English statement which you can all read, the new student's book so the new word is a description of student, I hope you can see that new

student, not the new book new student, so of course kitab al talibi would be the student's book but what we need to say new, who's new? the student is new, so here the al talibi which you can see here is jar but the description which is the description of the student is coming after in this case but it is also jar and this is what we've learnt the two parts are matching each other in the four properties I hope this is inshallah ta'ala very very clear

so then we want to now say the student's new book now we have a problem here remember now new is not student new is book so the word book has been described as new so the art that we are interested in if we look at it again in the Arabic kitab al talibi now it becomes al jadidu why? because this is the sifa this is the sifa and now the mawsoof is this one, whereas in this case this is the sifa and the mawsoof is that

one have you got it? inshallah ta'ala and therefore you can see that kitab al talibi al jadidu is the student's new book whereas the other one kitab al talibi al jadidi is the new student's book, amazing subhanallah, one vowel change and the meaning is completely changed I hope you can see it, inshallah if you're not just go through the steps I went through just now and hopefully inshallah ta'ala lightbulbs will come on inshallah bi'ithnillah, so you can see how adjectives are used, now remember what I

said the sifa may not always be next to each other so in the second situation where the book is the noun that is being described so I'll put two lines there and this is the noun which is the description of kitabu and of course you're going to say well kitabu hasn't got al why is it definite? remember when I said if the mudaf ilayhi is definite the whole thing is definite so kitabu technically here is definite and this is your seventh reason for something to be

definite which we covered in lesson number two where we said when something indefinite is attached to something definite becomes definite in itself and that is why the four properties are also matching here so look at these two examples inshallah in the first one I want to say the noble messenger of Allah, in the second one the messenger of noble Allah the word noble in the second one is the description, or adjective rather I should say, for the word for Allah lafza jalala, in the second first

one, in the second one is for Allah, for the word for Allah and in the first one it is the word for the messenger now pay attention to what's going on here so we have our mudaf mudaf ilayhi the mudaf is now the mausoof so the sifa will have the same vowel sign, or irab as the mausoof, so I hope you can see that now very easily that this is rafa and this is rafa, of course this is jarb because it is mudaf ilayhi in the

second example we have now mudaf ilayhi, mudaf mudaf ilayhi, exactly the same yet now the mausoof is not the word rasool here the mausoof is the word for Allah lafza jalala, Allahi so the sifa now is karimi and I hope you can see that they are now matching in arab, so you can see here very beautiful illustration of exactly what we want to say, and of course in English the translation is completely different all we've done in Arabic is changed the vowel sign so in the

first one, noble messenger of Allah in the second one, the messenger of noble Allah or the noble Allah, whichever way you want to translate it in English, so this is the beauty of joining the idafa with descriptive phrases or you can say with asifa after it it will always come after, why? because it cannot join in between the mudaf and the mudaf ilayhi ibu, jumla, we're used to the subject being definite let's take a look at some examples inshallah, in the first one we have al

hadiqatu the garden, amama means front, al masjid means the mosque, so the garden is in front of the garden is in front of the mosque, this is very easy al muqtada is al hadiqatu you can tell that it is rafa and amama al masjidi, front of the mosque I hope now by now you know that that is mudaf, mudaf ilayhi so we have now here, the garden is in front of the mosque so let's go through the structure, we have muqtada, which is marfu and we

have mudaf, which is an adverb please note that inshallah, mentioned it briefly in part 10 and we have, lesson 10 I should say al mudaf ilayhi is now jar, I hope you can see that now al hadiqatu amama al masjidi we have now here, this is now in Arabic called khabar, this is the khabar, but in Arabic grammar it has a special name and this is an adverbial phrase, in jumla ismiya we use the term shibhu jumla in jumla fa'aliya we'll use muta'alliq, we'll go to

that detail inshallah a little bit later then we have, the man is in the house al rajulu the man, fil bayti in the house, rajulu which is now my muqtada, and fil bayti is now the khabar again, this is another phrase which is called jar majroor and that is your muqtada and again that is your khabar now in grammar, what happens with jar majroor and with the dharf, which is an adverb special type of idafa they're both are actually adverbial phrases, for example, al rajulu tells

us, the man is present or doing something in the house mujudun, he's present in the house so it is giving us some place or time within which the existence of that person is, so al rajulu fil bayti, it is an adverb, meaning fil bayti, a place he's in the house whereas amama al masjid is also an adverb, again a place in front of the masjid, what is in front of the masjid? the garden so this is used in a very special way but please note, this

phrase which is called shibujumla or muta'alik in jumla fi'aliya shibujumla, which involves two things, jar majroor or dharf which is mudaf and mudaf ilay, only those two they can never be muqtada in a sentence even if they come in front of the sentence they will not be muqtada, they can be khabar they can be other things, but they cannot be muqtada in a sentence so when the subject is definite the subject comes in the front and we have the shibujumla, which is the khabar coming after,

which is a normal thing that we are used to now let us take a look at another example instead of saying the car is under the tree I want to say there is a car under the tree or a car is under the tree here a car is indefinite I hope you can see that very easy not the car, a car, under the tree place where it is a car is under the tree, in English I can put there is, to give it a better meaning

insha'Allah so that will be in Arabic under the tree under the tree, sayyaratun a car now what have I done? I put the a car which is my muqtada at the end and I put tahtashajarati which is shibujumla zarf and mudafilayhi at the front why have I done that? now have a look at the structure again zarf mudafilayhi is my khabar coming first and sayyaratun is my muqtada coming after this is the rule in Arabic when the subject is indefinite and the khabar is an adverbial

phrase the adverbial phrase will come first and the muqtada will come late in English I will translate it as there is a car under the tree or a car is under the tree so now you can see what we do in Arabic so please note because the subject now is indefinite, this is very important and the khabar is jar majroor or zarf and mudafilayhi it will come before so when you see the shibujumla at the beginning of a sentence, it will never be muqtada first hint

for you inshallah and if you find that the subject is there and it is indefinite, this is the structure that we have there is an imam in the mosque not the imam, an imam maybe the masjid has 5 imams one of them is in the masjid for example, so we have here fil masjidi imamun fil masjidi imamun we have jar and majroor imamun coming after so we have khabar and we have the muqtada khabar and the muqtada you can see now here the khabar is coming

first fil masjidi is jar majroor it is a used here as an adverbial phrase and it is coming before the muqtada so please note when the subject is indefinite, the khabar being jar majroor or zarf mudafilayhi will come before and it will come after so we call it in Arabic grammar khabar early and muqtada delayed that is probably the best translation of what is used but for now just understand this concept inshallah the idafa in jumla ismiya we have now three sentences we are going to

look at in detail, jumla ismiya, I hope you can recognise that because the first one is an ism, so first we have muhammadun muhammadun that is our muqtada that is our muqtada muhammadun it fulfils all the conditions we have been learning it is definite and of course it has rasoolullahi is our khabar so let me get a line here and put that line there so this is our khabar I am going to put the box around the muqtada it becomes very very easy khabar is now

rasoolullahi messenger of Allah here now we have al quranu kalamullahi again we have a mudaf mudafilayhi which is our khabar and of course this is now our muqtada al quranu kalamullahi the quran is the speech of Allah which is of course one word here now here we have kalamullahi which is definite of course and it is our muqtada and it is also a muraqab idafi haqqun is now our khabar haqqun is now our khabar and we will write it like so inshallah once I get the

pen sorted haqqun is our khabar so you can see here alhamdulillah the two parts very easily you can see how they can come all over the place we just need to be able to recognise it we do need to identify the muqtada and the khabar because in most cases we will be putting is, am or are in between the two where it is applicable in English and how do you put is, am or are you put it between the muqtada and the khabar I hope this

is inshallah ta'ala easy for us so let's continue with a few more examples we have now some quranic examples of the use of the idafa I'm going to only point to parts of it otherwise these lessons will become a bit too long for us so let us look at the first one, we have here the word allahu here we are going to say the word allahu is our subject because there is no link between the two we can do that easily light of the heavens light

of the heavens you can see the translation there of course this is our idafa construct I hope you can see that no tanween, no alif lam and then we have this word or is could be because of al the tanween has disappeared and because it is looks like the idafa we can be certainly saying that this is now jar in the context of being mudaf ilayhi wa is our joining word so wa will join two parts together and this one will copy the arab of the

what is before wa, so we have now allahu nooru samawati wal ardi I hope you can see that very easily inshallah next we have another very simple example hadihi is our is definite you can see that inshallah and then we have naqatullahi is very easy for you to recognise it is mudaf ilayhi so this is the she camel of Allah she camel of Allah naqatullahi she camel of Allah muhammadun rasulullah we have seen it before just quickly go through it we have muhammadun is our rasulullahi

is our I hope there is no complication there now here we have nasrullahi help of Allah the help of Allah I am not going to do this part inshallah we will learn later jaa'a is a verb so this is a jumlah fa'aliyah but I wanted to show you that it is used everywhere so here is an example idha jaa'a nasrullahi when comes the help of Allah we have done the example jaa'a haamidun haamid came so nasr is your rafa why? because it is the doer of

this verb what came? help of Allah came jaa'a nasrullahi and that is why it is rafa and of course this is majroor this word for Allah is majroor why? because of mudaf mudaf ilayhi also few more examples we have already seen qul is a verb a'udhu is a verb but birabbin nas I hope you can now see the joining of the two parts which I have already explained to you before harf of jar, ism majroor, mudaf mudaf ilayhi then we have laylatul qadri laylatul qadri so

we have here now mudaf mudaf ilayhi laylatu nottun laylatul qadri the night of power and then we have khayrun that is our khabar here and min alfi shahrin this is just joining that min from harf of jar and of course this is why this is alfi min alfi shahrin we have now night of qadr is better than a thousand months night of qadr is better than a thousand months so I hope you can see all the parts coming together here and here min alfi shahrin min

harf of jar ism majroor which is mudaf mudaf ilayhi again you can see many many examples and I am sure these are everyday examples that you are reading all the time now that you are following the lessons inshallah they are opening up last two examples are from hadith the first of all ad-dunya ad-dunya ad-dunya definite coming at the beginning so the world and you can now see the ith translation coming after sijnul mu'mini sijnul mu'mini I hope you can see that this is mudaf mudaf ilayhi

wa jannatul kafiri okay you can see wa joining two parts together jannatul kafiri the world is a prisoner for the believer and a paradise for a non-believer this is from hadith very famous hadith now alhamdulillah you got enough knowledge to be able to analyse this understand it in the original Arabic may Allah grant us tawfiq now let's look at the next one we have talab ul ilmi talab ul ilmi, talab means to seek something which is the word where the student comes from talab ul ilmi

is our mudaf mudaf ilayhi okay which is definite so that we can say that is now our muqtada to keep things simple faridatun is obligatory this is where the obligatory word comes from and then the next bit joining ala on this is why this is jar because this is a harf of jar this is majroor and this is kullin but it is kulli because it is mudaf muslimin this is also jar so this is your muraqab idafi this is your muraqab jari and let me just

clear that so I can show the two chained relationship going on here ala kulli is our muraqab jari and this is our muraqab idafi and this is now our jumla ismiya fulfilling all the conditions but then this is joining as extra information so seeking of knowledge is so seeking of knowledge is the first part is a duty obligatory upon every muslim a beautiful hadith alhamdulillah I hope now you can see that you are able to understand even parts of hadith even though I have been promising

you significant parts of quran by the time you reach lesson number 11 end and I hope inshallah ta'ala you are convinced and you are really determined to study and spend some time hour or two is all I am asking you per week to develop our understanding of Arabic so we can begin to appreciate the quran alhamdulillah brothers and sisters we have reached the end of lesson number 11 a very packed lesson with lots of lots of examples as well as inshallah different aspects of the idafa

I am not going to tell you this is the end of the idafa you are going to see it again inshallah in more forms but the bulk of what you need to learn has been covered in lesson number 10, lesson number 11 in detail we will look of course in jumla fa'ilia as well and inshallah in lesson number 12 there is another edition when it is used with pointing words so very very important topic and once again I hope and pray that you are benefiting from

these lessons and inshallah ta'ala they are of value to you I appreciate your feedback and your comments inshallah ta'ala please remember us in your duas and continue to practise whatever little I am giving here whatever mistakes there are may Allah forgive me please do let me know I will try to improve them but whatever good there is may Allah bless you and bless me with it and forgive all our mistakes whatever we do in our life it is to Allah our hearts should be connected it

is to Allah subhana wa ta'ala we should be seeking forgiveness and mercy and we owe whatever good that we have received to Allah subhana wa ta'ala please remember me in your duas and I will see you in the next video by the grace and the will of Allah Assalamu alaikum