Emphatic Negation and the Use of إِلَّا

0:00 The language of Quran, easier than English. Asalaamu Alaikum and welcome to lesson 14, part 2. In part 1, we covered the three main topics of negating the nominal sentence. For example, if I say in Arabic, I want to say, he is a scholar.

0:17 But if I want to negate that statement, I can say, he is not a scholar. So how to do that using laysa, we also learned how to use in, ma and la as particles of negation. InshaAllah, in the second part of this lesson, we are going to cover the categorical negation, emphatic negation and also how to use illa with negation.

0:40 So very very important topics, these are very frequently used in the Quran. And Alhamdulillah, we will see some Quranic examples also. And therefore, very important lesson, let us begin with the blessed name of Allah. Bismillahirrahmanirrahim Rabbi zidni ilma, O my Lord, increase me in knowledge. Categorical negation. Let us start by looking at the example I have on the screen.

1:08 Alhamdulillah, I am sure by now you can recognise, at least that this is in jar because of fee. And this ikraha, this part is in nasab. So these two points I think you can recognise. And of course, you can tell me that this is jar because this is a harf of jar. Fee is one of the huruf of jar. These are the bits we already know.

1:30 At the beginning we have la here. This la, of course, la is in Arabic used for negation right throughout. But this la is a special type of la and it is called the categorical negation. La nafil jins. Now what it does, it denies the possibility of something happening. So this word here, ikraha, means compulsion. So there is no possibility of compulsion. This is what this la does. And it changes the ism into nasab state.

2:01 So two points to note here inshallah. La of categorical negation. And then the noun afterwards is called the ismula. And it is mansub. Please note that it is nasab but no tanween. So even if the original word takes tanween, this will be without tanween. So tanween will be removed and it will be in nasab state. So you can see here not tan, han, sorry. It is ha.

2:30 So this one fatha, not the double fatha. Because there is no al here, it should ideally be with tanween. So there is no tanween and it is mansub. So what happens then, this is jar, this is majroor. They combine together of course to become khabar. They combine together to become khabar, shibujumla which we have covered in many many occasions. So la of categorical negation is u often used with indefinite. Please note, indefinite. The ism of la is indefinite.

3:02 And of course there could be many other structures behind it. But this is the most important thing, it converts to nasab without tanween. So they are pretty easy to spot inshallah ta'ala. But as we go through a few more examples, this will become easier for us. Now on the screen I have a few more examples from the Quran. Let's go on this slide, we have three.

3:21 So the first one is la sharika lahu. And the translation of it is there is no partner unto him. There is no partner unto him. Sharik in Arabic means partner. La is the categorical negation. So we have la sharika, not kun, kan or kin. La sharika lahu. So this is your ism. And this of course lahu is your shibujumla khabar.

3:52 So the basic essential meaning is given is there is no possibility of there being a partner associated with Allah. So la sharika lahu, there is no partner unto him. So again in the translation in English, you'll often not see the emphasis. But it's a very strong negation of there being any possibility of there being a partner unto Allah. The second example we have is very famous, we all know this one. Zalikal kitaabu la rayba. Again the word originally is raybun. Rayban, raybin. Which means doubt.

4:28 So there is no possibility, that is the book or this book. There is no possibility of there being any doubt. There is no possibility of there being any doubt fihi in it. Khudallil muttaqeen. Guidance for those who have taqwa or those who are conscious of Allah azza wa jal. So you can see here now, very beautiful, very powerful statement.

4:51 And these are things I've been mentioning and hinting to you. That there are many things lost in translation. Or when you translate from Arabic to English, the emphasis is often not translated. So here what the message is for you and I, is that this book, this is the book. There is absolutely no possibility of any doubt in the Quran. Whichever way you approach it, the Quran is the miraculous revelation sent to Prophet Muhammad salallahu alayhi wa sallam.

5:17 And it is the last final revelation from Allah. So the grammar or the Arabic context here, absolutely no possibility of there being any form of doubt. So when you approach the Quran, whether it is through science, whether it is through Arabic grammar or language, all the information it contains, it is a miracle, there is no doubt in it being of divine origin.

5:39 So absolutely no possibility of any doubt. Let's look at the third example we have. وَأَنَّ السَّاعَةَ آتِيَةٌ The hour, the last hour is coming or will come.

5:54 لا رَيْبَ فِيهَا There is absolutely no doubt that the universe will one day or all of creation will one day come to an end. وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ يَبْعَثُ مَن فِي الْقُبُورِ And Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala will raise those who are in the grave. So again, very very strong ayah, very very powerful message for you and I. May Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala make our rising in the akhira one amongst the believers.

6:20 So we have here a message here very clear. وَأَنَّ السَّاعَةَ And you can tell why this is nasab, because of anna. Again this is a revision of lesson number 13. And again this is our laa, the laa that we are currently studying. And we got the raiba, same word as we had here. So there is no possibility of any doubt in it.

6:39 What is the no possibility of doubt? About the hour, that it will come. The hour, the final hour will come. So again a very beautiful example for us.

6:48 Please do take time to look at the Quran, open the pages and look at the ayat and try to understand as much of it as you can. And remember again I remind you we are only on lesson number 14 alhamdulillah. And we are able to understand at least significant portions of the text that I am putting up on the screen for you.

7:07 The fourth example, this is again from hadith. So it's not from Quran, just to show you that it is used quite extensively in Arabic this example. اَنَا آتَمُ النَّبِيِّينَ I am the final of the prophets. Meaning last of the prophets, the seal of the prophets. لَا نَبِيَّ بَعْدِي There is absolutely no possibility of any other prophet coming after me. So again categorical denial of there being any prophet.

7:36 So anyone who claims to be a prophet after Prophet Muhammad ﷺ is a deceiver, a liar, a delusional person. Only prophet that will come after Prophet Muhammad ﷺ is Sayyidina Isa ﷺ and that is his second coming. So very very important message here. لَا نَبِيَّ There is absolutely no prophet coming after me. Example number five, this is again a very beautiful hadith. لَا إِمَانَ There is absolutely no faith.

8:06 لَا إِمَانَ لِمَن For the one who. لَا أَمَانَةَ لَهُ There is no iman for the one who is not trustworthy. So if a person is a Muslim and he is not trustworthy, does not keep his words, involved in deception and lying and this kind of thing.

8:22 This person has no iman at all. Even if he, may Allah guide us all, if he claims to be practising, praying and so on. There is no iman unless the person is trustworthy. May Allah make us all trustworthy. Then Rasulullah ﷺ continues. وَلَا دِينَ Again you can see it should be دين. It becomes دين. لِمَن لَا أَحْدَ لَهُ And he who does not keep his covenant, meaning his promise, has no deen. Absolutely no deen.

8:54 There is no deen in that person who, when he makes an oath or a promise, he violates or she violates it. So you can see again, very powerful messages. Lot more than what we get in the dry translation. And inshallah ta'ala I am hoping that there is no problem with you understanding bulk of what is on the screen. So we have our fifth example of this being in use. The sixth example, again a very beautiful and powerful hadith.

9:20 Most of us I am sure have heard this before. لَا طَاعَةَ فِي مَعْصِيَةِ لَهُ So لَا طَاعَةَ فِي مَعْصِيَةِ لَهُ There is no submission. Absolutely no submission in matters involving disobedience to Allah. So in everything else we can all compromise and everything we can have as a father, your son will obey you and so on. So whoever is supposed to obey, you will obey. But not when it comes to disobeying Allah.

9:51 So if there is something that Allah has forbidden, we are not allowed to obey creation in that, doing that act because they have ordered us to do so. So again very powerful and you can see here the ism of لَا very clearly here for you. طَاعَةَ not طَاعَةَ or عَاطٌ or anything like this.

10:10 So again very easy to spot an indefinite word after the لَا which is نَصَب without تنوين. نَصَب without تنوين especially for a word that takes تنوين. This will be the sign for us that we are dealing with a very strong negation, one of the strongest negation in the Arabic language.

10:31 More emphatic negation using بِي We've learnt the use of the حُرُوف of جَر of course back in lesson number 8. But when it comes to negation, the same حَرْف of جَر بَا can be used very very precisely to give a very strong negation. So again please look at the example on the screen, this should be very easy. We have زَيْدٌ جَالِسٌ زَيْد is sitting, is sitting down.

10:59 If I want to say زَيْد is not sitting, I can simply add like we've done before لَيْسَ زَيْدٌ جَالِسٌ زَيْد is not sitting, he's not sitting. But if I want to give a very strong negation, I want to say he's absolutely not sitting, certainly he's not sitting. I can say لَيْسَ زَيْدٌ بِي جَالِسٍ So بِي now forces this, let me use a different colour, بِي now forces this into جَر So this becomes جَر because of بِي But this is again, remember the use of لَيْسَ, we did this before, what does it do to the خَبَر It makes it منصوب, if you remember that.

11:39 So we have اسم لَيْسَ and خَبَر لَيْسَ So what's happening here now, all of this is the خَبَر لَيْسَ But because of the بَا here, the whole structure here, or this part here, becomes مجرور or in جَر So لَيْسَ زَيْدٌ بِي جَالِسٍ زَيْد certainly is not sitting Let's take another example inshallah to illustrate the same thing We have حَامِدٌ شَيْخٌ حَامِد is a scholar or a shaykh I want to say حَامِد is not a shaykh So simply, I can do the same thing, I can say

مَا حَامِدٌ شَيْخًا حَامِد is not a shaykh But if I put بَا here, I am saying certainly he is not a shaykh So مَا حَامِدٌ بِي شَيْخٍ Again please note the حرف جَر and the اسم مجرور here, which is now putting it in the جَر status So you can see very easily and very clearly the demonstration of what grammatically is going on But more importantly, the change in the translation from حَامِد is not a shaykh To certainly or verily, truly, that kind of translation حَامِد is

not a shaykh So I am making a more emphatic negation Normal negation مَا or لَيْسَ But adding بِي to the second part, I am now making a very strong negation Now let us quickly look at three Quranic examples See here وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ لَيْسَ بِي ظَلَّامٍ لِلْعَبِيدِ And again, very simple Most of this you should know This is أَنَّ So let me change the colour again so we can see it very clearly So this is أَنَّ Okay, here And this is why this is نَصَب Because this

is اسم أَنَّ I hope that is easy لَيْسَ Then we have the بِي, the حرف جَر And then of course this will be مجرور Okay, and then we have لِلْ Okay, now here this interesting here I am sure I have mentioned many times But let's do it one more time This is حرف جَر لِ This is لِ And then we have الْ So what happens when that happens is The حَمْزَةُ الْوَصَلُ is no longer written Then hence that لِ joins this So لِلْعَبِيدِ Okay, لِلْعَبِيدِ So

we have And because Allah is not ever unjust To His servants Let us look at the next example Inshallah قَالَ He said أَلَيْسَ هَذَا بِالْحَقِّ Is this not the truth? قَالَ He said أَ This is the question word لَيْسَ Negation Of هَذَا بِالْحَقِّ Here we basically Won't necessarily need to translate the بِي But the meaning is giving us Is this not the truth? Is this not the truth? So very strongly asking the question Is this not the truth? Next look at one more example Inshallah on

the screen We have إِنَّ مَوْعِيدَهُمْ Okay, so indeed their appointment Their appointment Okay Is For Okay مَوْعِيدَهُمْ الصُّبْحُ Means morning So their appointment is for the morning أَلَيْسَ Is it not? So again that question word is here أَلَيْسَ Not الصُّبْحُ بِقَرِيبَ Again you can see very easy here بَ Being added Isn't the morning near? Isn't it going to just come? Suddenly So again a very very beautiful way Of expressing That meeting That appointment That is certainly to come The appointment is in the morning Is it

not near? Again emphasising the strength Of the question being asked Three more examples And again these are very powerful We should know these I've tried to choose examples Where we would be familiar with But first example here وَمَا ما is your negation هُم They Okay بِمُؤْمِنِينَ أَمَاهُمْ بِمُؤْمِنِينَ But they are not believers So there is a very strong negation Of them being believers So what this means is Certainly they are not believers أَمَاهُمْ بِمُؤْمِنِينَ Again if please see the reference In Surah Al-Baqarah Ayah number 8

And you will see the background Who the ayah is referring to So they are certainly not believers Now again just pay attention If we had هُم Without these parts We just had the هُم هُم مُؤْمِنُونَ It will be They are believers هُم مُؤْمِنُونَ They are believers But putting ما Negates the whole thing The sentence And then بِ here Emphasises the negation So but they are certainly Not believers And the بِ forces this to be Of course جَرْ And مُؤْمِنُونَ Is رَفَ مُؤْمِنِينَ Is نَصَب Or جَرْ

In this case It will be جَرْ I hope ان شاء الله تعالى These examples are Making things easy for you And bringing out There is no point Practising lots of text We need to get to the Quranic text As early as we can And the more we practise it More the rules will remain In our heart In our mind In shaa Allah And every time you see them In the Quran In your daily reading You will begin to appreciate The rules that you are learning Next

أَمَا هُوَ بِقَوْلِ شَاعِرٍ Now قَوْل means saying شَاعِر means a poet So we have Forgetting the بِ for a moment We have قَوْلٍ شَاعِرٍ So this is مُضَعَف مُضَعَف إِلَيْهِ مُضَعَف مُضَعَف إِلَيْهِ Because should be قَوْلٍ Is removed because of being مُضَعَف Now بَا here forces this one To be in جَرْ So this is جَرْ Originally it should be with Double قَسْرَة تَنْوِين But because of مُضَعَف One of them is gone So بِقَوْلِ شَاعِرٍ Of course this is جَرْ Because this is مُضَعَف إِلَيْهِ So you

can see here how beautiful this is Negating هو Is it not This thing is been referring to أَمَا هُوَ بِقَوْلِ شَاعِرٍ قَوْلِ شَاعِرٍ This is not the saying of a poet And again another last example Here on this case Exactly the same example وَأَنْ مَا أَلّٰهُ And not الله بِغَافِلٍ Certainly Allah is not unaware غافل is to be unaware of something Not being attentive to something مَعَزَ اللّه Allah is aware of everything So أَمَا اللّهُ بِغَافِلٍ So Allah is not Is Allah not unaware So it's

a very very strong Strong negation of Allah Not being aware of something So again very very strong Usually in You know in translation you will not see it But again I want to show you The things that we are losing in the translation And the emphasis and the beauty In the original text Using إِلَّا for positive emphasis What do I mean by using إِلَّا For positive confirmation Or positive emphasis We can say for example No one in this room No one in this room is an

adult So we've got lots of people in the room I'm saying nobody is an adult except the teacher Except the teacher So children's class The teacher is the only adult in the room So the exception part comes in Re-emphasises something I'm trying to say That's basically what we mean We've already learned how to do the negation with لَيْسَ, لَا, مَا And the differences between them They've been covered in the previous video in detail So when we negate something We give the exception And this is how

إِلَّا is used On the screen I have a number of English sentences First on one line And second one here So let's quickly go through The Arabic equivalent So the first one I'm saying حَامِدٌ is a teacher مُدَرِّسٌ That should be very easy for you And the second one I want to say حَامِدٌ is not a teacher So what do I do there? Very simply لَيْسَ حَامِدٌ مُدَرِّسٌ Again please note رَفَأْ and نَسَمْ Very easy for you in sha Allah And the next one I want

to emphasise That حَامِدٌ is not a teacher So I can do it with بِي لَيْسَ حَامِدٌ بِي مُدَرِّسٌ لَيْسَ حَامِدٌ بِي مُدَرِّسٌ Certainly حامد is not a teacher Now I want to Say حامد is nothing but a teacher Meaning he is an excellent teacher The best teacher that you can have So you can see very simply here How إِلَّا is coming to positively Confirm something So exclusivity, positivity That kind of meaning in sha Allah Now let's quickly look at the ones below هَذَا طَالِبٌ This is

a student, very easy Then we have مَا هَذَا طَالِبًا Exactly the same نَصَب This of course will be رَفَ But we cannot tell because هَذَا is a non-declining word Next we go to Certainly this is not a student So exactly the same principle مَا هَذَا بِي طَالِبٍ This is not Certainly this is not a student So this is again you can see جَر Because of the بَا And مَا هَذَا So this is your اسم And this is your خَبَر part Very easy in sha Allah I

hope Lastly I want to say This is nothing but a student Meaning he is an excellent student His exclusivity And emphasising his quality as a student I will say This is nothing But a student Pointing to one specific person So I hope in sha Allah these examples Are enough for you Please do write them down in the board In your notebook I should say And make sure that you understand the changes that are happening But more importantly The changes in the meaning Which you will often

lose In the translation So two examples from the Quran First of all we have لَيْسَ لَهُمْ طَعَامٌ Now لَيْسَ لَهُمْ طَعَامٌ Will be That not for them food Not for them food Little word for word translation of course إِلَّا مِنْ ضَرِيعٍ So for them there will be No food except for poisonous Thorny plants Again of course he is talking about Jahannam may Allah protect us from it So لَيْسَ لَهُمْ طَعَامٌ Not for them food Not for them food except this So again you can see here

Reiterating the fact that The only food that will be in Jahannam will be Poisonous thorny plants Which will neither nourish Nor help but this is what it is there In Jahannam Let us look at the next example Inshallah Ta'ala we have وَمَا مُحَمَّدٌ إِلَّا رَسُولٌ Muhammad is no more Than a messenger meaning Muhammad is nothing but the messenger So he emphasising the fact that صلى الله عليه وسلم Is the Rasul of Allah So you can see here وَمَا مُحَمَّدٌ إِلَّا رَسُولٌ Muhammad is Nothing other than

a Messenger emphasising Exclusivity etc In the meaning Three more examples Let us quickly look at these Inshallah Ta'ala وَمَا كَيْدُون Now here again So this should be very easy now for you كَيْدُ الكَافِرِين So this is جَر And this is رَفَ And this is your مُضَاف مُضَاف And of course this is your مُضَاف إِلَيْهِ مُضَاف إِلَيْهِ So وَمَا كَيْدُون الكَافِرِين And this is now acting as Your اسم of ما اسم of ما إِلَّا except فِي ضُلَالٍ Except for error Delusion Except for Except in error But

the plots of the unbelievers end in nothing but error So they are plotting Plotting against the Messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم But it will not lead them to anything All the planning and all the things that they do Except in error So again you can see examples of what we have learnt Being reiterated Next example Inshallah This is originally in But the reason for the كَسْرَ Is the meeting of the two سُكُون So this has got a سُكُون In between حَمْزَةُ الوَصَل So it becomes إِنِ

الْكَافِرُون الكَافِرُون إِلَّا فِي غُرُور إِلَّا فِي غُرُور The unbelievers Are in nothing but delusion Unbelievers are nothing But delusion Now we had ما Before we had ليس Now we got إن إِلَّا فِي غُرُور The unbelievers are in Nothing but clear delusion Next we have إِنْ هَذَا إِلَّا سِحْرٌ مُبِين Again this is nothing But magic إِنْ هَذَا Exactly the same as ما and ليس We have done before إِلَّا except سِحْرٌ Magic مُبِينٌ So I hope you can recognise that these are مُرَكَّب تَوْسِيفِ This is your مَوْسُوف

And this is your صِفَة مَوْسُوف and صِفَة So Inshallah Ta'ala I hope all of this is very clear And I hope Inshallah Ta'ala we are all benefiting By looking at the examples from the Quran directly Otherwise what happens is you learn a lot of grammar And by the next day you've forgotten everything Until you practise You will not learn So please continue Putting more emphasis on these examples I'm giving you and of course you will find Many more yourselves in the Quran Or Hadith as you

begin to Study them Categorical negation with إِلَّا The text here You should be all familiar with الحمد لله When we become Muslim or when we embrace Islam Or even as children we learn This first لا إله إلا الله There is nothing worthy of worship except Allah but now let us look at the Additional deeper meaning that we can All understand from this So the first we have لا Which is your لا of categorical negation How do we know this word should be إِلَا هُن Or إِلَا

هَن It has تنوين but It has no تنوين it has a Single فَتْحَة and it's in نَسَب So this is your categorical Denial so what you're saying is There's absolutely no possibility Of there being anything That is worthy of worship so Basically means something that people worship Something that they turn to in their hour of need Etc so there's absolutely No possibility Of there being anything That is worthy of worship Except Allah Except Allah So you remove all possibilities Of anything absolutely anything That people come

up with Which is worthy of my worship No nothing except for Allah So you can see how beautiful the meaning How deep the meaning is Now with the little bit of grammar that we Have learnt so far So there is nothing worthy of worship There's absolutely nothing That is worthy of worship It could be a thing an object Pigments of people's imagines no matter what it is Nothing worthy of worship Except for Allah Allah is the only supreme being Our creator our sustainer our lord Who

is worthy of Worship now let us look at a few more Quranic examples we have here Exactly the same text Allah La ilaha illa huwa All of this should be easy for you Now inshallah Allah There is no god except for him Of course I've taken this from ayatul kursi All of you should know this Huwa al hayyul qayyum He is the sustainer of all He is the ever living and the sustainer Of all that exists Huwa al hayyul qayyum All of this structure should be

very easy This is your la of Categorical negation Negating there being any possibility of an ilah Then the exceptions coming Except he of course here he Is referring to Allah He the ever living Allah al hayyul qayyum And the sustainer of all that exists So again very very beautiful Very powerful inshallah Please make a note of the vocabulary If you're not familiar with it But do read the full example And if you can write it in your notebook Inshallah Again another ayah which I've taken To

illustrate the same example And if Allah should touch you With adversity There is no remover of it except he So again Fala kashifa You can see here nasab Lahu illa huwa Except he So we've got our la of categorical negation And then we have illa coming in To bring the positive Meaning only from Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala Will we get this So wa in yamsaskallahu bidurrin So if something If Allah should touch you with anything Any type of difficulty, adversity, whatever Okay bidurrin Fala kashifa lahu

illa huwa Except for him Again please make a note of the examples given Another example From the Quran Noah said There is no Protector today There is no Protector Today Min amrillah From the commandment of Allah Min amrillah So asima is your nasab Okay This day There is no protector this day Or no protector today In more precise Min amrillah From the command of Allah Illa man rahima Except for whom he has given mercy So again you can see here Illa man rahima Except for whom

he gives mercy So this is your exception So everybody on this day Is going to be unprotected Except for anyone That Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala himself Has given his mercy Another last example Qalu They said Subhanaka Glory be to you Or exalted are you La ilma lana We have absolutely No knowledge Ilman or ilmin La ilma lana We have no knowledge What so ever Except Except for what you have taught us Except for what You have taught us Innaka Again this should be very easy We

covered lesson 13 So anta is coming for emphasis again Okay Al alimul hakeem Except you Okay who is The knowing all knowing The all wise The all knowing the all wise So you can see again a very beautiful example Of what we have been learning So far slowly slowly progressing And again beautiful reminder for all of us We have nothing Except for what Allah has granted us Whatever little knowledge we have It is by the blessing of Allah Subhanahu wa ta'ala And he is above all

The all knowing Allah azawajal So again our knowledge whatever little that we have Is a blessing from Allah Like all blessings if we don't look after it We will lose it So we need to be grateful to Allah azawajal For whatever little that we know And inshallah ta'ala Allah grant us Tawfiq to share it with others So others can also benefit From whatever we have benefited from Alhamdulillah brothers and sisters We have now concluded lesson number 14 The purpose behind this lesson Really is to give

you an overview And more important really To give you a flavour Of the things that you have learnt And we put them together inshallah ta'ala Now that you are getting to a stage Where I am confident by now We have got one more lesson left to finish Book 1 inshallah will be next lesson I am confident by now that you will recognise 2 maybe 3 maybe 4 structures in every line of Quran In every line of Quran That is your huruf of jar Ism majroor Remember

that inshallah covered in lesson 8 and 9 Inna and her sisters in lesson number 13 We also learnt mudaf mudaf ilahi Which is on every line almost We have seen so far Everything I have put up as well And of course before that we learnt How to make words into singular dual plural etc We learnt the basics of arab We learnt the muraqab jari Muraqab ishari Muraqab tawsifi We also learnt muraqab atfi in a basic level We also learnt mudaf mudaf ilahi In great detail as

well As well as how they fit into the Jumla ismiya So a lot we have covered by the grace of Allah May Allah reward you Bless you for the time that you are taking I do appreciate these videos That are often long to learn May Allah make it easy for you May Allah forgive any of my mistakes As human beings we are prone to error May Allah make these lessons A benefit for you Kindly like share subscribe So others can also benefit Insha Allah I will

see you At the next video Asalaamu alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuhu