Gender and the Descriptive Phrase

0:00 As-salāmu ʿalaykum. Welcome to lesson number three, part two. In this part, inshallah, we are going to develop the knowledge that we have acquired in part A, where we learned how to recognise the grammatical gender of every ism that we are likely to come across. Of course, in lesson one and two, we developed our knowledge of learning about Arabic words, in particular ism, and of course how to form nominal sentences. So in this lesson, we're going to see how the gender impacts on the two parts of

the nominal sentence, and inshallah, we're going to introduce you to a new phrase called the descriptive phrase. We have not done this one before. It has been referred to in the Mapping Arabic session. So these are the two key learning outcomes of lesson number three, part two. Let's begin. In the blessed name of Allah, Bismillahirrahmanirrahim. Let me begin by sharing with you some words of advice, inshallah, for your benefit and my benefit. Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala says very clearly in the Quran, in Surah Al-Qamar, four

times, four ayat, exactly the same, repeating the same words. Allah says, and we have indeed made the Quran easy to understand and remember. Then is there any that will receive admonition? Is there any that will learn lessons? Allah says, Allah indeed has made the Quran easy to understand and remember. And this is the mercy of Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala that he has sent his final revelation for the whole of mankind, and he has made it easy for us to learn, to understand, to memorise, to practise,

and put into our lives, and of course, to invite humanity to it. So this message is very clear to us. Now if we want to learn Arabic to understand Quran, it is Allah who has already made it easy. So if we are struggling with Arabic, if we are struggling with learning, we need to look at what is actually the real reason. One of the most important thing is to keep ourselves motivated. Now if you're finding Arabic easy, difficult, or impossible, the actual result of that concern

that you have is based entirely upon your outlook. You see, my dear brothers and sisters, there's nothing in life that is actually easy. Even the most simple task, if it's new, you've never done it before, can be quite daunting. For example, most of us, when we first learn to drive, it is a quite a complex thing to do, quite a dangerous, quite a worrisome thing to do. But after we've been learning to drive, we pass our exams, and we're proficient in driving, alhamdulillah, it becomes normal

of our life. Swimming is again very difficult at the beginning, but once you've learned how to swim, inshallah, you can master swimming, and of course, maybe even teach other people how to swim. So nothing is simple in life, especially if it's new. But then, also we should note, nothing complex is actually difficult or impossible. Just like you're learning to drive, at the beginning it looks very complex, but then after a while it becomes relatively easy. So in reality, there is nothing really that complex. It is

our perception of the task itself.

3:08 Easy things, no matter how easy, like learning to make a cup of tea or something like this, brushing our teeth, these become easy for us because we've done it so many times. But at the beginning, when we learned, somebody guided us how to do that, or we watched somebody how to do that, and we learned. So please note that if you're finding something complex or difficult or impossible, it is simply because you have not done it many times, or you have not had the experience.

3:33 So what is the real solution? You see, with simple things, if you learn something which looks very simple, you do it once, you will soon forget. This is how human beings' minds work. And or you will get confused with it. So you do it only once, or you see somebody doing it only once, you will forget. And if it's a complex thing, when you first come across it, yes, it will look daunting, it will look complex, and certainly lead to confusion and even failure. You'll do it once and you fail, you say, oh, I give up, this is too difficult. So this is the nature of us with anything in life. And the same thing will happen with Arabic. You'll come across some lessons which are very easy, but unless you practise them, you're going to forget.

4:11 And in the same way, you come across certain things which you may find very difficult, because it's completely different than English. Again, this will lead to confusion, and you'll give up. This is the tricks of Shaitaan to move us away from learning Arabic.

4:23 The solution to all the problems that we have is practise, practise, practise. You will not learn anything. I'm not going to make any big claims about how amazing my lessons are. I'm not going make any claims about how wonderful the book is, anything of that nature. Why? Because I know, in order for you to learn, yes, the book helps. Yes, the notes help, the videos will help, everything. But until and unless you're ready to practise, you're not going to learn. So may Allah grant all of

us taufeeq to practise what we learn, to put into practise, but spend a little bit of extra time after the lesson or during the lesson, pause the videos and make some notes for yourself and do the exercises. Even if you see a simple sentence, rewrite it and try to understand what's going on as I'm explaining it. This way, this will enter your head. And inshallah, it will remain in your heart and you'll remember it forever, and you can also use it forever. So please make a

note. The golden rule for learning is as follows, and this applies to anything that you learn in life. I listen, I forget. If you hear something once, you're going to forget it. This is human nature. We tend to forget 70-80% of what we hear within an hour of hearing it. I see, I remember. If you see something, you'll remember. And I practise, I learn. This is the golden rule. Learning only begins when you start to practise. No practise, no learn. Very simple. So if you're listening

to this video, you'll forget. If you watch the video carefully, make notes, inshallah, you'll remember certain things. But if you practise and write things down, you will learn inshallah. It is Allah who has made it easy for us. So we need to put our tawakkul and trust in Allah azza wa jal and simply practise all that I'm showing you, all that I'm sharing with you. All these videos are not there to become viral or to become a big hit. The intention behind them is that you're

learning. If you're learning, all this effort has been worth it. If you're not learning, it's an exercise in futility. So please make sure that you practise inshallah and make the intention that you're learning Arabic to of course to learn for yourself and to benefit from it. But more importantly, you will teach and share this knowledge with the ummah at large, in your own community, in your masjid, in your house, wherever you get the opportunity, whatever you learn, share it with others. There are millions of Muslims

who are looking to learn and make it easy for them. May Allah grant us tawfiq. So let me repeat the rules. I listen, I forget. I see, I remember. I practise, I learn. I teach, I master. And this is steps that you need to follow. There is no other way around it. There is no magic pill.

6:58 So please focus on practising. May Allah grant all of us tawfiq. The nominal sentence.

7:08 In the previous lesson 2.8, we went through the rules of the nominal sentence in Arabic. And the rules are that it begins with an ism, which I'm sure you can recall. And it has two parts, the muqtada and the khabar. Muqtada in English is called subject and khabar is called predicate. So these are the two parts that join together to form a nominal sentence which begins with an ism. And again, I'm sure you can recall, alhamdulillah, that the muqtada should be definite. And we can see

it here, alhamdulillah, that hamidun is a proper noun. Proper nouns are always definite. And then the khabar should be indefinite. Mu'allimun here is a teacher. Could be any teacher. It is not definite. Why? Because it does not have al in front. And nor does it fall into any of the other categories of being definite. The other thing we noted is that both the subject and the predicate, the muqtada and the khabar, should be marfu' i.e. in rafa' status or state. Hamidun mu'allimun. Hamid is a teacher.

So going through the four properties again, we have definiteness, gender, number and we have irab. These are the four properties. And for the two parts, the subject has to be marfu' or rafa' and the predicate also has to be marfu' or rafa'. And the subject is ma'arifa, definite, and the khabar is nakira, indefinite. And then for this lesson, inshallah, we need to note that the gender should match. So if our subject is masculine, the khabar should be also masculine. If the subject is feminine, the khabar

will be feminine. So these are the two things you need to note now for now, that the predicate should match in gender and of course they should match in number. We will look at number inshallah in the next lesson. The other thing to note, there is no word for is, am or are in the Arabic language. You will put that in between the subject and the predicate when you translate into English. So is and a are additional words in the English language and there is no

equivalent to them in Arabic. As you can see, the fact that I made a sentence only with two words. So please note these points inshallah. All of this is revision for you. The only thing extra is the matching of the gender. So here are the rules again. Begins with an ism, has two parts, mubtada and khabar. Mubtada is definite and rafa'. The khabar is normally indefinite and rafa' and should match in gender and number. That's it inshallah. This is all you need. What's above here is

all you need to know in your notes and inshallah redraw this diagram and that's all you will need and inshallah ta'ala very soon you'll become familiar with the rules of nominal sentences. Let's practise using gender in nominal sentences. I have on the screen four English sentences. I'm also going to say Mariam is a student. Hamid is a student. Mariam is a student. Then I have the mosque is big. The school is big. So these are four sentences. Let's see inshallah ta'ala using the rules I've just

mentioned before if you can complete these four sentences. The vocabulary you need is at the top there inshallah. So pause the video. Please do not progress until you've rewritten the sentences in Arabic and English in your notebook and then come back to watch the answers. The first one we have is Hamid is a student. So we have Hamid which you should be able to spell by now. We've had it so many times. So Hamid. We want to say that Hamid is a student.

11:07 We have two parts Hamid and student. The word student is above which is talibun. So let's write that down inshallah next to it. And we need the word talib which is a student. Talib. Now remember what we said before that the subject should be marfu' rafa. So it needs to be Hamidun. It's definite why? Because it is a proper noun. And then talib or student has to be rafa and indefinite and we know that it is indefinite because it could be any student. So Hamidun talibun.

Hamid is a student. The same thing we want to do with Mariam. Mariam is a proper noun so we know that it is definite and it needs to be rafa. So for Mariam to be rafa it will be Mariamu. Please note this one does not take Tanween. Remember I mentioned 85 percent so just in case you're wondering why I didn't say Mariamun, this problem inshallah will be resolved for you in lesson number six seven. I'll go through this in detail but Mariamu is one of those

words that does not take a Tanween. So Mariamu is Mariam. Now what is the predicate? Predicate should be student. We know the student is talibun. We have a problem now.

12:36 We cannot we don't have the matching of the gender. Mariam is feminine. What do we need to do? We need to convert the word talib to feminine. So what do we do? Exactly the same process. Put a fatha on the top and then put a tamar buta at the end and we put the irab or the final vowel sign irab at the end which is talibatun. Mariamu talibatun. Mariam is a student. Next we have the mosque is big. Now mosque in Arabic is masjid and if it's rafa it'll be masjidun but please note it is the mosque and has to be definite for it to be the subject.

13:22 So we go mutada is definite. We put al in front. When we add al in front we must make sure that there is no tanween at the end because al does not like tanween. So it becomes al masjidun. I hope inshallah these two things you remember from previous lesson. The word for big is kabir.

13:46 Kabir. Now that needs to be indefinite. So kabir is indefinite. It needs to be rafa. Kabirun. Al masjidu kabirun. The mosque is big. Now when we go to the school we have al madrasatun. Remember madrasa is feminine. So madrasatun. Madrasatun. Exactly the same steps as before. Madrasatun is indefinite. I make it definite by adding al and I put u at the end because it cannot take tanween anymore because it has al. Now then we say kabir. Now here's a problem. It is masculine. It needs to

match. So again we do the conversion. Al madrasatu kabiratun. Al madrasatu kabiratun. I hope inshallah this is making sense to you and it's not complex and you're seeing all the things that you've learned coming now in a practical example. So we have four sentences here where inshallah the rules that we've been learning have been given to you in a practical format. So here on the screen you see the same four sentences. This time I've given you the graphical representation of the four properties and hopefully inshallah

I've tried to emphasise to you the importance of recognising the four properties. It is only the recognition of the four properties that will allow you to make progress with sentences and phrases in Arabic. So in the first sentence we have Hamid is a student. (15:16 - 1:01:54) The first part is Hamid and the second part is Taliban and again you can see the four properties illustrated here for yourself and there is no is or are in Arabic language so I put that between the muqtada and

the khabar. So when I translate the sentence into English I find the muqtada and and I'll put the is or are in between as required. In the second sentence the same principle Mariam is a student. We have the same thing inshallah here in all of them. So we have muqtada and the khabar is comes in between and then we have the mosque is big and the school is big as you can see here in the four examples and again the use of that is completely based

upon the rules of the English language and in Arabic to repeat the same point again there are only two words making up the full sentence. So again please take a note of the examples here do write d f and so on and inshallah very soon you will get in your brain the idea that we need to make sure that we're matching the gender feminine feminine feminine feminine masculine and masculine etc etc of course number we'll look at later. So four sentences to illustrate the four properties

and the rules of making. On the screen you have eight English sentences the vocabulary that you need is above inshallah some of the words that have been used before I have not given you like masjid but the others inshallah are there so using the vocabulary that you've acquired so far and the ones above please translate these eight sentences into Arabic. Pause the video please make sure you've completed the sentences in your own notebook before continuing. So let's quickly go through the answers here inshallah hopefully it

is easy hamidun proper noun subject and of course it is in rafa so what we need to say about him is salihun salihun khadija khadijatu salihatun zaydun zaydun alimun mariamu again gets converted to alimun alimatun salihun salihatun again just to illustrate those examples for you and we have the boy alwaladu the boy intelligent and you can see here dakiyun and then the girl albintu the girl is clever and then we have or intelligent the mosque is near so almasjidu the word for near in Arabic is

qareeb and the school almadrasatu school almadrasatu where is it is far baidatun okay needs to be converted to feminine so inshallah all the rules are illustrated there you can see them on the screen with the examples there inshallah hope and pray that you are going to actually write these down in your notebook with the English and the Arabic write them as big as you want make all the definite indefinite symbols that I've showed you with you shared with you and it will become very clear in

your mind inshallah and the knowledge will retain forever for you to use this table has been shared with you in part one so inshallah I hope you can see that video and the reference is there the point here to note is that there are many words in Arabic which will have a masculine and feminine equivalent masculine and feminine equivalent and you can convert them from one to the other and again we've seen how I've done that in the previous lesson etc etc but please note there

are words isms where many of them that have only one version meaning names of things like qalamun pen will be masculine why because it does not have the sign does it fall into the usage category so by default it will be masculine so it will not have a feminine equivalent so the words that are referring to generally as names of things do not have a masculine or feminine equivalent generally speaking so car, niya, jannah, paradise, ayah these are all feminine words that do not have a

masculine equivalent and of course qalam masculine does not have a feminine equivalent so what do you do when we need to use them in sentences in Arabic how what do we do about the matching of the gender important point for you to note about the matching of the gender it is not always necessary or always possible that you can match the gender just like the examples I've shown you earlier so there are many isms that will not have a masculine or feminine equivalent so in that

case the matching of the gender in jumla ismiya is not possible nor is it necessary so take the vocabulary above and look at the English and see if you can translate them into Arabic using the general guideline I gave you earlier about the two parts of the sentence please note when there is a word that does not have a masculine feminine equivalent you cannot match the gender see how you get on pause the video take your time inshallah make sure you complete the task before continuing

so take a look at the answers on the screen let me go through them inshallah just to illustrate the point in here I have underlined the feminine words just to make sure that you're familiar that they are feminine but alhamdulillah from part one you should be able to do this for yourself now here we have a masculine word quran is masculine why because it does not have either a sign or the category and of course by default it is masculine then we have haqqun which is

also masculine so we fulfil the rules that I mentioned to you earlier quran is the truth or quran is truth then we have aljannatu of course and alhamdulillah you can recognise that it is feminine but I want to say the paradise is also real it's true it's going to happen there is a place called jannah inshallah allah give us mercy we will enter so aljannatu haqqun again I'm going to have to use a masculine predicate why because the alternative is not available so aljannatu haqqun the

paradise is true now we have dunya dunya I'm sure you can recognise is feminine please go back and review the rules I gave you it falls you can say under miscellaneous but it also has that alif ending at the end anyway sijnun means prison there is no masculine or feminine equivalent the word is masculine so we have a feminine muktada and masculine khabar next one assawmu is fasting the fasting or fasting in english is a shield junnatun shield is feminine but this is masculine so you

can see here there are occasions when we cannot and therefore we should not worry about it is usually reserved for words that are adjectives or derived nouns where we tend to have a masculine feminine version so inshallah ta'ala just to tell you because sometimes people get confused with this rule yes if the rule is there but it's applicable where it is applicable it is not applicable because there is no possibility and this is the uh inshallah ta'ala simple way of explaining what is going on here

so please note gender matching between the two parts is required where possible it is not essential descriptive phrase so far we have only been dealing with sentences in arabic here we have example of three a beautiful mosque the beautiful mosque the big new beautiful mosque I hope inshallah from the english is very obvious that these are not complete messages this is uh incomplete so it's not a sentence a sentence is something that gives us a complete meaning here if I say to you a beautiful mosque

you'll say what about the beautiful mosque what about a beauty what are you trying to tell me a beautiful mosque the beautiful mosque the big new beautiful mosque none of them are sentences what they are they are called descriptive phrases please note also they have two parts two parts the first part that I want you to note is mosque here in the old three example mosque is the noun in english that I'm describing in the first part first one I'm a beautiful I'm describing the mosque

as beautiful using the word beautiful in the second one I'm saying the beautiful to describe the mosque I'm being more specific I'm not talking about any mosque but the beautiful is the description uh adjective if you like a description of the mosque then I have third example mosque again is being described but this time I'm using two I'm saying the big new beautiful three sorry the big new beautiful so I have big I have new and I have beautiful so I have three descriptions so they

have two parts descriptive phrase the first part in arabic the thing that is being described is called mausoof mausoof and remember in english they always come at the end so no matter how many descriptions you have in english the noun being described will always come at the end please note that so the big new spacious colourful wide mosque you can use any description that come to your mind and then mosque will always be at the end so this is the rule with the english language in

english the noun being described always at the end and that thing is called mausoof the thing that I'm describing or the person I'm describing is mausoof and the second part which is the description is called sifah sifah so these are the new two terms for you mausoof and sifah there are other names in arabic grammar we're not going to go into our purpose is to understand inshallah so mausoof and sifah adjective description whichever so these are the two parts that make up the muraqqab tawsifi but

the rules of the muraqqab tawsifi is very simple and very easy to remember we have the two parts mausoof which in english we're going to say the noun being described or the noun that ism that i'm describing sifah is the adjective so the far as far as the four properties are concerned i have here one example al-masjid al-kabiru al-masjid al-kabiru please take a close look at the four properties and you should be able to recognise now definiteness irab as well as the gender okay number is

the only one you don't know so you can now see here what is going on between this phrase it means the big mosque the big mosque so we have the rule in english and the most important one for you to remember in arabic in english the noun being described always comes at the end in arabic it always comes at the beginning please note this very very important distinction between english and arabic the noun you're describing will always come at the beginning as this is opposite to

what we have in the english language completely opposite then there can be more than one sifah just like in english when we said the big beautiful new mosque more than one three four whatever you require in the sentence but the noun being described will be one one okay so you describe that noun which will come at the beginning in arabic single only one thing singular plural doesn't matter but it'll be one noun and you're going to many descriptions as you like following sifah will match the

four properties of the mawsuf the sifah will match the four properties the sifah which is this one it will copy it will copy the four properties this is the easiest way to recall so the sifah on its own will not have four properties it will take the four properties from the mawsuf so here we have al-masjid therefore the sifah will have al in front it is rafa therefore it will be rafa al-kabiru it is masculine so it will be masculine so the four properties match few

things to note as addition for advanced notes inshallah the mausoof cannot be a pronoun this is exactly the same in english this part the mausoof the first part cannot be a pronoun so if you see a pronoun there is no descriptive phrase there or a demonstrative pointing word this that and relative we mentioned these before in the definiteness lesson so inshallah don't worry we're going to go through them in more detail but for you to note pronouns demonstrative nouns and relative nouns cannot be the mausoof

the same thing for the sifa cannot be a proper noun a pronoun demonstrative and relative pronoun the mausoof can be a proper noun but the sifa cannot be just make a note of that inshallah and we'll as you go through the rules you'll see them coming forward inshallah so definiteness matches gender matches number matches and irab matches so what we mean by that is that whatever the gender or whatever the definiteness of the mausoof the sifa will follow whatever the gender of the mausoof the sifa

will follow so the mausoof is masculine masculine feminine feminine number singular singular dual dual plural plural and irab rafa rafa nasab nasab and jar jar this is the simplest rule and that's all you need to know the four parts match it is a descriptive phrase descriptive phrase illustrated examples let's take a look at the first one a big mosque the big mosque the big new mosque the english that we had earlier we're going to translate into arabic masjidun kabirun from the english you can tell very

easily that it should be indefinite a big mosque could be any big mosque mosque so it should be indefinite the big mosque it should be definite why because of the in english so it needs to be al masjid al masjid again you see al kabir the sifa matches the mausoof the sifa the adjective matching the noun that i am describing the third example the big new mosque big new mosque i have two descriptions two adjectives and i have al kabir al jadeed all of them al

why they have to copy the mausoof all of them o at the end why because the mausoof is also o al masjid al kabir al jadeed so no matter how many sifa i have they will all have the four properties of the mausoof so this is the point inshallah ta'ala mausoof first part sifa okay mausoof sifa so in the second two first two example i have one and the third example example c i have mausoof sifa number one and sifa number two so even if you

are 10 they will all follow the four properties of the mausoof so you can see that in the first one indefinite masculine singular ind and rafa all four properties are equal to each other in the second example i have al here al there definite definite masculine masculine singular singular rafa rafa they all match and in the third example exactly the same thing we have definite masculine singular rafa all three of them will need to match and they will follow the four properties or they will take

the four properties from the mausoof and copy them exactly without that there is no descriptive phrase so descriptive phrase all the examples all the adjectives all the descriptions we have they will all copy the four properties from the mausoof so please take a copy of these examples write them in your notebook inshallah ta'ala and make sure that you understand the four properties and the fact that they're matching a few more example to illustrate the fact of copying the properties the four properties of the mausoof here

i have rajulan i hope inshallah you can relatively easily recognise that that is nasab or mansub i'll put an n here because of rajulan rajulun rajulan rajulin again we went through this in lesson number one then you can see here i have the word kareeman hakeeman all of them matching the nasab of the mausoof and there of course they're all indefinite so they're all indefinite all masculine therefore they're all masculine the same example here i've got a new one which is one two three i've got

here baytun jadeedun kabeerun jameelun again you can see sifa number one sifa number two sifa number three all of them ending with un all of them masculine all of them in rafa all of them singular all the way through matching again the four properties are matched so they're all copying the four properties from the mausoof third example a big new beautiful room as in a bedroom or something sitting room that kind of thing so ghurfatin now i hope inshallah you recognise that this is jar why

because of tin remember muslimun musliman muslimin so this is rafa so this is jar and then again we have jadeedatin we have kabeeratin and jameelatin all of them in jar all of them singular all of the masculine all of them indefinite so indefinite masculine singular jar all the four properties are being copied again please take a note of this example do rewrite it and inshallah the rules will be reinforced carefully observe the two examples on the screen in the first one i have muhammadun arrasulu muhammadun

arrasulu and then we have now i'm reading them separately inshallah just so that you can see the four properties very easily here highlighted so we have in the first example the word of course a proper noun so word for allah proper noun and it is rafa masculine singular here we also have the same so we have the four properties are matching why proper noun definite so what we have here is not a sentence we have a phrase let's take a look look at the other example

we have muhammadun masculine definite masculine singular rafa definite masculine singular and rafa i hope inshallah you can see that the four properties match between the two parts so what we have here is a demonstrative phrase proper noun coming as mawsoof now this is rare there are examples you come across inshallah but it's not as common as with al and no al so again given here for you to make a note of this and it's a very important lesson for us to know so muhammadun arrasulu will

be muhammad the messenger allahu al azim allah the great or the magnificent one thing to note about muhammadun arrasulu is that this it cannot be read we cannot read this actually together so what we have is the rule that we have mentioned to you many times that if we have a hamzatul wasl which is this written in quran script like this hamzatul wasl if something is read before it then it is not read so as if this does not exist in reading in writing of course

you write it so you have to go from here to there but in the we already have a noon sakin muhammadun which is sukoon let me show you inshallah in illustration it makes sense so muhammadun can be written two different ways when i write this like this of course i will not be pronouncing that i'll go straight from here to there because it is a shamsi letter so muhammadun i can't read it i need because i have got this problem now there are two sukoons here

so it cannot be read so what do we do in arabic in arabic we put a kasra sound at the end of the invisible noon that is not written and sometimes in some quranic scripts you will see or in some arabic script this noon written very small and you find it many many parts in the quran and of course in some script it's not written because they assume that you know this but generally speaking you see this small noon placed underneath to show you that it

should be read like so so the correct way of reading number one muhammadunir rasoolu muhammadunir rasoolu again you can see here how the meeting of the two sukoon is resolved by taking a kasra sound at the end of the muhammadun to further illustrate the sifa is always following the mawsoof in the four properties take a look at some text which you should be very familiar with in surat al fatiha we read again i hope you can recognise the properties very easily definite definite nasab and nasab

okay this ma at the end you know that it is mansub nasab now the reason why tanween is because of al at the beginning i hope this is clear to you in the second example let me write nasab first inshallah so it's very clear second example you have jar siratin mustaqimin please open the quran and check for yourself inshallah and this is in ayah number 142 surat al baqarah again in the second example you note that it's indefinite it's in jar it's masculine is singular etc

all the four properties are matching last example siratun mustaqimun again indefinite indefinite masculine masculine singular singular and lastly rafa and rafa so these two examples are rafa and rafa so you can see here all the four properties are matching and the sifa is copying the masuf in the four properties please note these examples down open the quran you'll get the reward of course every letter of the quran will get you 10 rewards alhamdulillah and it will reinforce when you see rafa nasab in jar again and

again and again inshallah it gives you the enthusiasm for learning to understand why is it in jar inshallah very soon you'll discover but note this down inshallah go to the quranic references and check for yourself inshallah you should be familiar with the verbs which are highlighted in red we've been using them to illustrate the different arab of nouns that we've come across before now we're going to do something in addition inshallah what we're going to do is we're going to put the descriptive phrase instead of

a single ism like we've been doing before so normally if i wanted to say a teacher came the word for teacher you can see inshallah above which is muallimun you can see it here inshallah if i wanted to say a teacher came i would say jaa muallimun if i wanted to say i saw a teacher i would say raaytu mualliman i gave salam to a teacher salamtu ala muallimin but i don't want you to translate a teacher what i want you to translate is a wise

teacher i saw a wise teacher i gave salam to a wise teacher so of course that is obvious for you now that it is a descriptive phrase instead of a single noun so inshallah have a go see if you can achieve that using the basic rules i've given you so far of forming the descriptive phrase and see how far you get on please pause the video and make sure that you have completed the task before carrying on let's go through the examples we have a wise

teacher came now wise teacher itself is a descriptive phrase because it's coming as the doer of the verb jaa it will be in rafa so i'll put the teacher first remember in arabic the noun being described always comes first so i will say muallimun remember it would be al muallimu if it was the teacher came it is a wise teacher so it's indefinite then we will say wise which is hakeem and it will be in rafa why because copying the irab of the and the four

properties of course of the noun being described and that is the secret that is as simple as it is jaa muallimun hakeemun a wise teacher came next i will say i saw a wise teacher so the word teacher of course we should be familiar with is muallimun so let's put that in first now here the word muallimun is the one that i saw so it needs to be the object so instead of it needs to be mualliman and wise will come after hakeem and this is

going to follow the four properties of the muallim so here therefore it needs to be nasab just like the muallim word so mualliman hakeeman both masculine both singular and of course both of them now in nasab lastly i want to say i gave salam to a wise teacher here it is coming after the word ala preposition so it has to be the muallimin has to be muallimin it's in jar why because it's coming after ala and of course hakeem will also be in jar as well

as masculine and singular indefinite so all the four properties are matching so i hope inshallah this example illustrate to you that the arab could be any but they need to match and of course the these it could be singular dual and plural which we'll look at in the next lesson and of course it can be masculine or feminine we're going to now do the same thing but for the feminine just to give you the illustrated example one very important point to note here if i want

to say a female teacher came forward a lady teacher came i would not be able to use the verb jaa i have to put a ta afterwards this ta is a sign of feminine and inshallah don't worry we're going to study that in detail when it comes to verbal sentences so that's the only change because the doer is feminine the verb has to be feminine this is the only addition so i have to change it to please make a note of that inshallah for future reference

so instead of saying i need to say because it's the teacher is female so i go say but i cannot do muallim i have to say i hope that is clear inshallah ta'ala okay and of course hakeem okay i'll just go through these examples with you inshallah hopefully this will make sense now ra'aytu here we don't need to worry about the changes that we made ra'aytu is i saw so the is i the teacher now is no longer the object so in this case we don't

need to change the verb i saw what did who did i see or what did i see i saw a female teacher so it's but it'll be i hope that's clear inshallah again all the four properties are matching finally i gave salam to the wise lady teacher female teacher so again the word is coming after ala so it will be here muallimah din why because it's coming after ala and the word which is the description of it will follow all the four properties indefinite indefinite feminine

feminine singular singular jar jar i hope inshallah ta'ala those two examples the first one i asked you to this one i'm going through because jaat is an addition so let me highlight that in a different colour so you can inshallah appreciate what the change i've made to the verb and again this will be discussed in detail in future lessons for now just note because the doer is feminine i have to change the verb from jaa which is for masculine masculine doers and this is the feminine

jaat so please do write these down make your notes inshallah and this will help you reinforce uh the topic and you can see now alhamdulillah you now should be familiar with the rules related to forming muraqab tawsifi so take a screenshot of this if you have not done so alhamdulillah two examples to illustrate the use of indefinite masculine and feminine different versions in the three different arab that you can see clearly illustrated here please do rewrite this and make sure you do all those symbols i

mentioned to you before d for definite i for indefinite masculine m and s for feminine sorry masculine for m and f for feminine and singular s for singular and finally rafa nasab and jar make a note of that inshallah it will become part of your knowledge base and this will help you throughout your study so i cannot emphasise at the beginning how important it is that we go slowly but we appreciate every single rule and we run run learn it thoroughly the difference between nominal sentence

and descriptive phrase i have four english text here in four different boxes the first one a wise man the second one the wise man third one the man is wise fourth the wise man is a teacher now again this i hope inshallah in english i don't need to go through which is which first two are phrases they're not a sentence second to the last two are sentences the vocabulary that you need is above inshallah use that to complete the following sentences or translate from english to

arabic please pause the video take your time ensure that you have done the task before continuing first we have a wise man the word wise is a description of man the word for man so in arabic rajulun will come first and it will be rafa we have no other reason for it to be nasab or jar so we'll always make rafa our default rajulun a man what about him hakeem he is wise it will copy all the four properties therefore we have a descriptive phrase do

this one slowly inshallah appreciate the four properties and make sure you know that in arabic the noun being described will come first so because we have now four properties matching we know that this is a descriptive phrase the wise man so of course here man will come first but it needs to be definite so we will have a rajulu and what about wise al hakeem the wise man al rajulu al hakeem of course when you read it together you read al rajulu al hakeem but that's

a reading aspect read it separately inshallah at the beginning to make sure that you fully appreciate uh the two different and their ending the man is wise this is a sentence so what i need to do here i need to have my subject first so i'll put and subject is always always marfu or rafa so it'll be and the information the khabar is hakeem hakeem now the word hakeem needs to be so we will put the tanween at the end the man is wise fourth one

little bit more complex but please look at the english text the wise man is a teacher so now you should be able to tell what is my subject and what is my khabar the wise man here is the subject it's not one word anymore it's actually a phrase so i need to write the wise man first so we've done this before already so let's write that inshallah so al rajulu and then wise wise is the description not the subject so that will have the four properties

of the al rajulu so put that down now al rajulu al hakeem now we got the first part the wise man we've done this bit now comes our is am or are of course in english it in this case it will be is i want to give you some information about the wise man what about the wise man the wise man is a teacher so the word for teacher you should already know it needs to be indefinite and it needs to be rafa so let me

highlight that one in a different colour so you can see the subject and predicate now in two different colours inshallah so again you should realise that the subject is definite and it's actually a phrase now two words coming together we divide them in between the subject and the predicate we put our is am or are in the english language the wise man is my subject the predicate is a teacher so on the screen you will see now alhamdulillah the four arabic english text that we translate

into arabic now fully illustrated for you with the four properties very clearly marked so you can see now in your head inshallah where the difference is coming and the importance of the four properties and how we can now distinguish between muraqab tawsifi and jumla ismiya and see a jumla ismiya with a muraqab tawsifi as either as subject or it will see inshallah as also in the predicate box so here you can see in the last example we have the mawsuf and the sifa both combined together

to make our muqtada so muqtada is no longer one word we put our line here and when we translate we translate with the is am or are depending on the english language so we have the translation a wise man the wise man the man is wise and we have the wise man is a teacher so here of course we have the our simple sentences that we went through we simply draw a line between the muqtada and the khabar and we put the is am or are

please rewrite this fully out in your notebook make sure you understand what's going on inshallah between the two parts and how easy it is to recognise them two very beautiful examples inshallah which will show you the difference between nominal sentence and a muraqab tawsifi remember i said to you that the mawsuf can be a proper noun we saw some examples of that so here we have in the first one muhammadun rasulun sallallahu alayhi wasallam muhammad is a messenger very simple is a normal nominal sentence very

easy this is definite why is it definite because it's a proper noun this is indefinite now we have a sentence all the other bits are clear for you inshallah i hope so this is rafa and this is rafa but in the next example i have muhammadun okay and it's in rafa i have arrajulu arrajulu here is also definite and rafa so it cannot be a sentence it has to be something else what is it it is our muraqab tawsifi so we have muhammadun rasulu i explained

to you where the noon comes from because you cannot read it together so we have here masculine of course masculine singular one person singular here four properties match and look the subtle difference between the two and how to tell them apart translation is completely different and it has a subtle differences so here muhammadun rasulun muhammad sallallahu alayhi wasallam is a messenger muhammadun arrasulu or if you read it together muhammadun arrasulu is now a phrase muraqab tawsifi or descriptive phrase please rewrite them in your notebook it

will help you practise arabic writing it will help you inshallah recall the rules and of course learn in a practical way all the complexities of grammar that many people are afraid of but when you actually do it in practical way you see it being done inshallah it becomes easier and easier nominal sentences with descriptive phrases alhamdulillah we are familiar with the nominal sentences and also we are familiar with the descriptive phrases here we're going to see examples where the descriptive phrase can come either as muqtada

or as khabar both places inshallah just to illustrate the examples and we have here the four again sentences in arabic these are all sentences but i want you to inshallah practise if you can form them yourself in arabic the house is big the big school is new hamid is a truthful man the vocabulary you need is above please complete them pause the video take all the time you need inshallah make sure you have done them all don't worry about making mistakes the more mistakes you make

the easier you learn so write them all down arabic english both in your notebook and then check the answers alhamdulillah on the screen i've given you the answers i'm not typing them up to save time i'm fearful of the video becoming too long so here we have the house is big again you can see the muqtada and the khabar i've written them separately and separated a space between so it's clear for you to see albaytu is my muqtada and khabar kabirun is my khabar kabirun being

big simple jumla ismia in the next one i'm saying the big school and i've got my is here so in the muqtada section i have again i hope inshallah this is easy for you now and jadeedatun jadeedatun is my khabar my predicate and that again fulfilling all the condition it is rafa etc third i have the new imam the new imam and then we have also in the sub sub a predicate box we also have another descriptive phrase is a wise man the new imam is

a wise man so you can see a very clearly both parts the new imam and wise man are actually two different descriptive phrases coming together in the box of the muqtada and the box of the khabar the last one hamidun hamidun is subject very easy definite and rafa and we were saying something about hamid and the predicate is that is a truthful man truthful man of course truthful man is a a truthful man man who speaks the truth alhamdulillah we've reached the end of lesson three

part two i hope and pray inshallah as every lesson comes your knowledge is improving and inshallah you're getting to deeper and deeper understanding and again everything you watched i'm sorry to labour this point again and again you're going to lose it unless you practise it is absolutely critical you build a frame of mind which is a student like mind i'm not watching these videos just for time whatever i want i'm watching this video with the intention of learning and the intention of understanding and learning is

a process it is not about watching something it takes you it involves you it involves your intellect your heart your thinking all of these things are required but there is one more thing that you need to do above that and that is to make dua and that is why i always put a dua to remind you and myself that most important thing allah subhanahu wa ta'ala always answers our dua it is answered in the dunya it is kept for us in the akhira and dua itself

is ibadah every time you ask allah for something it is dua but it's actually ibadah or act of worship so even though i'm asking for something for myself allah will count this down as an act of ibadah itself so keep on asking allah oh my lord increase me in knowledge so it does not matter brothers and sisters whether we know nothing or we just started or we only know a few letters we only know a few words this dua applies and even if somebody's blessed and

they have five phds in arabic or quran this dua still applies oh my lord increase me in knowledge to increase so keep on making this dua and watch how allah subhanahu wa ta'ala makes things easy for you and i the more dua we make the more doors allah will open for us so along with all the things i'm telling you as a given please take it from me that this dua or any other additional door whatever you want in your life build that relationship with allah

and keep on asking keep on asking remember one thing human beings they will get angry with you when you keep on asking them for the same thing again and again if you have a rich friend you know millionaire whatever and every time you see him say brother can i have 20 pounds or can i have twenty dollars fifty dollars hundred pounds whatever sooner or later is going to get upset with you friendship is going to break human beings get angry he's going to keep on asking

them allah gets upset with you when you stop asking him that's how merciful allah is and the more we are dependent on him the more allah will make easy for us to show your dependence that i'm totally totally i can't breathe without the mercy of allah subhanahu wa ta'ala convince yourself we cannot learn without the mercy of allah subhanahu wa ta'ala so keeping making dua allah will open doors my dear brothers and sisters in islam may allah bless you reward you with the highest of all

that is there in this dunya and for your intention for learning arabic i do hope and pray that you're finding these lessons of benefit please kindly remember us in your duas and inshallah i will see you in the next video assalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh