Grammar term · I'rab · i'rab
مَجْرُور
majrur
Genitive state (jarr)
I'rab · i'rabI'rab statecore term12,385+ in the Qur'an
In one line
In the genitive state (jarr) — after a preposition or as the second of an idafa.
The classical list
المَخْفُوضَاتُ ثَلَاثَةٌ: مَخْفُوضٌ بِالحَرْفِ، وَمَخْفُوضٌ بِالإِضَافَةِ، وَتَابِعٌ لِلْمَخْفُوضِ.
“The khafd-state words are three: lowered by a particle, lowered by idafa, or following a lowered word.”
(الآجرّومية)
Key words in the Arabic
مَخْفُوضlowered — the Kufan name for majrur
الإِضَافَةthe possessive chain (X of Y)
تَابِعa follower in agreement
Understand it
Only two things drag a noun into jarr: a preposition in front of it, or standing second in an idafa (كِتَابُ اللهِ). Everything else in jarr is simply following a jarr word, as an adjective follows its noun. Verbs never enter this state — jarr is the ism's private territory, which is exactly why the classical signs count it among the tests for nounhood.
How to spot it
Recognition test
A kasra (or its substitutes ي / فتحة in diptotes) on the end signals jarr.
Related terms