Moods of Al-Mudari'

0:00 The A'rāb of Mudaray verbs simplified. As-salāmu ʿalaykum. Welcome to our 9th lesson of book 2. Alhamdulillah you are already familiar with the Ism which we studied in detail in book 1 which changes its ending to reflect the A'rāb i.e. the role that it is playing in the sentences. The only other set of words in Arabic that change their ending are the Mudaray verbs and this is often in Arabic in English grammar books called the moods of Mudaray but here simply we're going to call it the

A'rāb of Al-Mudaray verbs. Just to begin the lesson we are going to look at one example. Here on the screen I have yan suru. You should be familiar with this. This is the default way but sometimes you also see it as yan sura and sometimes you'll see it as yan sur and this is called the A'rāb of Al-Mudaray verb. Inshallah in this lesson we are going to look at this in detail. Please note whatever we're learning in this lesson will apply to all the range of

Mudaray verbs in Arabic i.e. form 1 form 2 all the way inshallah. So a very important foundation lesson in which we will look at the reasons why a Mudaray verb changes its ending what are the three different types of ending and how the different types of Mudaray verbs will change their ending to reflect the A'rāb. It is slightly different than the way an ism works so inshallah I hope and pray that you will find this lesson of benefit. To fully understand this topic I have divided

the lesson into certain components where I'm going to go through them in detail for your benefit. We are going to look at the main topic which is the A'rāb of Al-Mudaray. I'm going to briefly divert and explain to you the difference between the two types of huruf or harf. You've already studied quite a few of them already inshallah and we're going to look at the three different A'rāb of Al-Mudaray what they are how they are changed depending upon the Sighah or the Mudaray verb that we

are looking at. Remember there are 14 variations and inshallah if you're already going through the previous lessons I've done for you most of this will be either a revision or a reminder but very important that you don't just start on this lesson if you don't know what we've covered in the previous lessons you will struggle. But anyhow I'm going to explain the three different A'rāb based upon the 14 variations of the Mudaray and how each type of those change. And then we're going to look at

the particles that changes the A'rāb. There are two sets of them inshallah and inshallah we'll conclude with plenty of examples to show you how they are used. This along with the others are foundational knowledge and I hope and pray inshallah you'll find them of benefit. I'm going to make sure that these foundation knowledge lessons are a bit detailed sometimes longer videos than necessary just to reiterate the main points because when you've gone through the foundation inshallah you can fly through the lessons that come afterwards because

most of the theory is covered and you'll see it again and again in action. So it's a very very important lesson alhamdulillah you're already familiar with the verbs you looked at the verbal sentences the doer the objects etc we are now uh we've done the maadi as well seen how they work we've looked at the Mudaray in the previous lesson we looked at how the meanings of the Mudaray can be changed by adding particles at the beginning. Here of course these particles all will also change

the meaning but more importantly they will change the ending or give an A'rāb to the Mudaray verbs. So very very important lesson and I believe it is a foundation lesson. So let us again remind ourselves to always start with the Dua. Oh my lord increase me in knowledge. Review of A'rāb in Arabic. In relation to A'rāb Arabic words are divided into two groups either they're called Mabni or Mu'arrab. Now these terms we are already familiar with from book one let me give you a full overview.

4:19 In Arabic every Harf, Huruf meaning the particles are always Mabni meaning they never change their ending for grammatical reasons. So all the Huruf are Mabni. If you see the screen here I have placed a lock just to remind you that they do not change they're fixed as they are. So all Huruf all of them in Arabic will not have anything called A'rāb. There'll be no Rafa, Nasab, Jar or anything like that issue as far as the Huruf are concerned. All Isms on the other hand has

something called A'rāb and they can be Marfu, Mansub or Majroor. Please note those three terms and I'm sure you're familiar with them. So they can be Rafa, Nasab or Jar. So every Ism is considered to be Mu'arrab meaning it has A'rāb either it is Rafa, Nasab or Jar depending upon the role that is that it is playing in the sentence. Previously when we began our lessons in book two all Madhi verbs we've already studied them in detail they're also Mabni. They never ever change their ending

based upon grammatical reasons. So they're also Mabni. Fail'amr which we haven't studied inshallah is coming soon after this series. So the command form of the verb for example Madhi I say Nasara he helped. Amr is Unsur help. So it's a command form of the verb. They also do not change their ending. They remain fixed.

5:52 They remain fixed. So the only verbs that change their ending are the Mudare verbs. So Mudare with the example I've given you already they can be for example here you see we have and we have their changer or also you the terms are also used to name those changes but they overlap those of the Isms and that's where the confusion comes. So is Rafa or Marfu' Yafa'ala is Mansub or Nasab. However a Mudare verb will never ever be Majroor. Never.

6:36 Never be in Jar I'Rab. Very very important point. It will be in Rafa Nasab or Majzoom.

6:45 It's a new term Majzoom. So these are the three I'Rab of the Mudare verb never Majroor but it can be Marfu' Mansub or Majzoom. Whereas the I'Rab of an Ism is Marfu' Mansub and Majroor and Ism can never be Majzoom. So this chart inshallah gets rid of that confusion. I hope inshallah you'll find it find it of use. So most important I repeat again only two types of words in Arabic will have something called I'Rab. All Isms and only one type of verbs which are called

and their I'Rab will be Marfu' Mansub or Majzoom never Majroor. So this is the topic inshallah we're going to explain all aspects of it. Keep this note in mind inshallah as I go through. So we're not going to be referring to anything as regarding I'Rab is concerned when it comes to Maadi verbs or Amr or Huruf. They are fixed. There is no changing due to grammatical reasons only the Asmah which you've studied in detail book one and here in now in lesson number nine we are

picking up the I'Rab of Al-Mudare verbs.

8:03 impactors and non-impactors. In the previous lesson we looked at number of Huruf that go with the Mudare but they don't change the ending they change the meaning yes but they don't change the ending of the Mudare verbs. For example Qad, Sawfa, Sa I'm sure you remember those Wa and Fa of course are there already. So these Huruf that come at the beginning they do not change their ending but there are Huruf that come that can change the meaning or the meaning and ending of an Ism

and there are Huruf that can change the meaning and ending of Mudare verbs. So all the Huruf in the language are divided into two main groups one is called Aamil and the other is called we can translate them as impacting or impactor or non-impacting. So Aamil means the one that does the work or does something and the now the word that they impact is the one that they come before so that's how they change the ending inshallah we'll see through examples it'll make sense. So the

Huruf that don't change the ending of the Mudare verb are called Ghayru Aamil and Huruf that change the ending of the Mudare are called Aamil as far as the Mudare verb is concerned and the same applies with the Ism. So these are the main division of the categories of Huruf. So on the screen you've got some examples to highlight what I just meant when I say the word which is also of course a Harf particle it does not change any Iraab then I have I saw

a man then a boy now the word add meaning but there's no change at the end I gave Salam to an Imam now the word Ala here is changing the ending so this is an impactor it changes the ending of the Ism that comes after it of course you've studied them in detail called the Huruf of Jar.

10:12 Again Inna changing the ending of the Ism that is impacting again book one lesson number 13 12 and 13 I believe we did this in detail so indeed Hamid is pious the word Inna is a Harf it's impacting the Ism of the sentence or Ism Inna to be more precise so we have these impactors which impact Isms and we have also impactors which impact Mudare. In the previous lesson we looked at the the Huruf that do not change the ending for example the last three on

the screen we have Sawfa. Sawfa does not change the ending it just puts the meaning in the future tense so for example we have here in number three which you can see on the screen the verb is here it has not changed the ending at all the Dammah is still there look at again no changing is the standard Mudare verb again no changing at the end the Dammah is there so okay the Sa has not changed anything of the Mudare verb but if we look at

the first two what we have here it was originally but it's become so if of course you read it together they will never enter Jannah so it gives a meaning but it also changes the ending and that is why it is called an Amil impactor meaning this Harf is one that impacts the verb I'm sure you know which Surah that is from the original word was but because Lam has come it becomes so it's changed to a Sukoon from a Dammah to a Sukoon so Lam

is impacting Lan is also impacting and so this is what is meant by Haruf that change the ending Haruf that don't change the ending so these terms will be very useful inshallah I haven't explained them in detail before so I thought I'd do this example to remind you that there are two types of Haruf those that impact and those that don't impact Anatomy of Al Mudare verb you should be very familiar with the Mudare verb and its conjugation there are 14 on the screen which I'm

sure you can see and you've already memorised how to do this and if you've been following the lesson step by step inshallah this is not unfamiliar if you haven't please go back and review I'm going to go through this relatively quickly now if you recall when I did this I put different colours in different places just to highlight what was going on I mentioned briefly what was happening with each of the prefix and the suffix remember the prefix in the Mudare is the Haruf of Mudare

meaning the particle or the letter of Mudare I should say and the letter of Mudare makes it very very clear very very clear that it is a Mudare so Yata, Hamza and Nun are the prefixes that go before the root and then we have the three root letters and then we have Dhamma at the end and then some of them have a red letter and then you've seen an N, Nun at the end etc etc so you should be familiar with this bearing this in mind

inshallah let us take a quick look at the detail of the verb and we can see three things inshallah or three groups of them the first group we see Yansuru, Tansuru, Tansuru, Ansuru, Nansuru again if you remember them they have no letters at the end no additional letters at the end they all end with the Dhamma and of course the beginning we have a letter of the sign or the letter of Mudare which is Yata, Hamza and Nun this group we're going to call the Mustatir

group where the doer is hidden meaning there is no letter to express the doer the second group that we have is Yansurani, Tansurani, Tansurani, Tansurani and then we have Yansuruna and we have Tansuruna and for easy reference of course we've got the numbers there and we have Tansurina all of them have a green Nun at the end and before that they have a letter which is in red the letter is the doer of the verb in the first group there were there's no letter so it's

called Mustatir here the Alif, Waw is the marking that tells us that this is the doer of that verb so again they've been all marked in detail this Waw here you can see Waw we can see Ya here and you can see the Alif as the doer and which pronoun they are in place of again I'm sure you remember number 10 which is the Ya it is the feminine anti-version then we have a Nun at the end this green Nun is called the Nun of I'rab

the Nun of I'rab in the Mudarir verbs so this is nothing to do with the doer it indicates it's I'rab please remember this point inshallah and then we have two of them which are purple Nun even though they come at the end as a Nun they're not the same Nun as the Nun that we have which is the Nun of I'rab in the other group so these last two the last two are the Nun is in purple but it's to remind you that this Nun is

actually the doer it is not the Nun of I'rab so we have three groups here inshallah don't worry I'm going to go through a detail but I want you to understand that there are three groups whatever I'm teaching you in this lesson is applicable to every Mudarir verb there is some issues with endings being weak letters and so on but we'll look at them later but in general principle these are the three groups and for you to understand the I'rab i.e the changes you must understand

what these three groups are and therefore I'll go through it slowly inshallah for all our benefit what is important for you to is the Mudarir verb will change but the changing will be impacting depending on the group that we are referring to so on this screen now inshallah let me go through that in detail I'm sure you can see this now exactly the same as we had in the other table but this one it's vertically down all the numbers are there the pronouns are there so

that you will not be lost where I am so again we have used the verb changing it a little bit just help us to show that it is in every verb and then we have the yaa, taa, hamza and the noon at the beginning which is your letter of Mudarir and then of course we have the three root letters which tells us the root meaning of the verb so Harful Mudarir at the beginning and then we have the itself and then we have the doer which

is at the end of the verb and in the number one and number four number seven number thirteen and number fourteen of course the corresponding pronouns are there to remind you who are version here version and the version um and then we have the we have who are version here version and the version and uh and national versions so these are the numbers and these ones where the doer is hidden the doer is hidden so let's pull out the doer for a moment I'll put a

smiley there to tell you that these are the easy ones we don't have to worry about them they end with a dhamma and in the other two era they will change their era then we have the ones with the red letter doer at the end which is of course seven of them and then we have two with the purple two with the purple which you can see number six and number 12 that's your second group and your third group the third group one is in the

yellow I'm sorry the screen is a bit small but that's the best I can do so there's the noon here and noon here the ones in the green is your second group and this is your third group so this is now very very important the ending that we see on the first column these are your doers but the ending here is telling us that this is the default sign of it being marfo or rafa this is very important so how do we know if the who

what is this arab it is rafa why because it has a at the end when it changes don't worry I'll go through how do we know that is rafa because it has the noon at the end so this is the noon of arab and so the at the end of it we have the indication of its arab in the first five which is the mustatir the arab is rafa by the dhamma in the other seventh it is arab is rafa by the presence of the noon

and in the two purple ones it is locked it is mabni it does not change it does not change and this is the three groups being illustrated here so again notice the noon of these two cases and the noon here is the fa'il fa'il the doer and therefore it will not change so number one and number four you should be very familiar with this is where you will find possibly the doer coming after in the form of a rafa ism coming after the verb only those

two otherwise in all cases you always translate the verb with the pronoun as the doer even with number one and number four you'll translate the pronoun unless you see a ism coming after so this is why one and four is coloured slightly differently so number one four seven thirteen and fourteen again a reminder that the doer is hidden mustatir and this dhamma that you see at the end it is the sign of rafa and it can change to fatha when it is mansub and it can

change to a sukoon when it is mazzoom and this is the three points that you need to note inshallah with these five so it's very easy now don't worry i'm going to show you full demonstration this is just uh all the summarised notes you need in one place inshallah then we have number two three five eight nine ten and eleven please don't worry there's a lot of them but they all have the green noon at the end so this noon is found at the end of

seven forms called the noon of arab the noon of arab it is dropped it is dropped when it is mansub or mazzoom so if you see it it's rafa if you don't see it it is mansub or mazzoom how will you know which is which mansub will be depend on the particle at the beginning and mazzoom will also be because of the particle before it there are two sets of particles 6 and 12 on the other hand this noon is never dropped this noon is always

there in every form it will remain because this is not the noon of arab but the noon of feminine sometimes is called also the noon of pronoun or the noon of the dual pronoun and that's it this is the the essence of the entire mudara verb and all its complexities inshallah explained for you now again i do understand it looks like a lot to remember but please note once you've done a few practise as long as you know the theory in the background it should be

relatively easy but if you just jumped into this lesson it will look tough so i appreciate that but if you followed the series as i've given them to you inshallah they should not be as complex as we see them to be so this is your three groups and inshallah that i'm going to now look at how they change in the different arab three groups of al mudare so again quick reminder of the three groups we have yansuru, tansuru, tansuru, ansuru, nansuru the doer is mustatir there

is no letter after indicate the doer they will change in three different ways dhamma when they are marfo fatha ending when they're mansub and sukoon ending when they're majzoom so these are your five easy ones inshallah then we have the other seven yansurani tansurani tansurani and yansuruna tansuruna and tansurina i'm sure i don't need to repeat the numbers and things is obvious on the which version of the sigha it is these when they are rafa marfo they will show the noon however when they become mansub

the noon will go when they become majzoom the noon will go so there are they're the same in like we saw with others example two endings only with the noon without with the noon rafa without the noon mansub or majzoom now these are the two and then of course we have the two that never change their ending their mabni they're fixed so in summary with group one where the doer is hidden we have number one four thirteen seven and fourteen the dhamma is changed to a

fatha so again here is your illustrated example for group one yansuru yansura yansur i hope inshallah this illustrated example now clarifies any questions you may have in your mind so dhamma for marfo fatha for mansub and sukoon for majzoom so this is the three different arab and in english the term is called moods and there are other terms used they're a bit confusing inshallah i'll mention them to you but i think it's far better just to stick with the arabic terminology then we have a second

group which includes seven of them and they're the noon of arab example yansuruna but when it become mansub yansuru and the alif comes in to ensure that there's no confusion with this wow yansuru that is mansub and yansuru that is majzoom and again the noon is dropped in two of the arab and it is kept when it is the default version which is the rafa version the last group which is called the fixed noon group mabni group are only two of them i'm sure you already

recall now there were only two of them and they were number 12 and number six and this is the noon which has got the dua pronoun and is coloured in purple they will not change in any of the arab so we have yansuruna yansuruna yansuruna they they will be the same whether they're mansub or majzoom of course you're going to ask the question how do i know you don't need to worry about that because there will be a particle before that will tell you what the

arab should be so that's basically the three groups in step by step detail so the first group it is by default rafa so when you see it with the ending there is no article or no reason you need to explain it's arab this is default that's how it is doesn't need anything or any reason so this is called the marfu version or it is marfu and of course in english there are complex terms used we're going to not worry about them this is marfor now when

it is impacted by an impactor for example lan lan is a particle of mansub it makes the uh the verb after turn to the nasab state so lan forces it to become mansub and we're going to use a symbol in front of that we're going to call it the hammer lan acts as a hammer it takes the dhamma hits it and flattens it okay so that's hammer will remind you inshallah what they are lan is not the only one we will look at that inshallah later

but let's quickly look at what happens with one of them so lan is the primary examples there are others i'll give you the full list don't worry so lan because lan acts like a hammer it hits it and makes flattens the dhamma into a fatha then we have the majzoom state now the particle we're going to use as example is called lam again the same set of uh verbs so we put lan lam in front lam is a chopper it completely takes it off cuts it

off and leaves a little bit behind so that becomes the sukoon so it becomes so whichever verb it is it will force the first group to take a sukoon at the end and this is why it is called majzoom and this is your chopper the chopper's particles again i'll give you the full list later but we use lan and lam for example so the easy group the mustateer group very easy five of them they will go into these three changes you will explain it how when

you see it with a dhamma you don't need to explain because that's the default when you see it with a fatha either lan or some other particle will be before it and when you see it with the sukoon there will be a particle like lam or a condition i will explain later which will make it go in to majzoom state so remember there is no majroor as far as verbs are concerned it is marfoo mansub or majzoom only three and that's the irab of the modare

four group one the hidden mustateer group two which is the group where the noon of arab is at the end the green noon the numbers are there inshallah for cross reference so for example we have again these are the ones with the noon at the end how do you know they will be rougher when you see that's it and you don't need to explain it because there's no reason that's the default reason however if a hammer is to come in front of them like lan what

will they do the hammer will knock out the noon so we have i hope you can see very clearly what's happened because of lan the hammer it's knocked out the noon then we have etc etc so we have now the noon group how do i know it is nasab two reasons number one the noon is gone and the particle before it tells me that this is in the nasab state because of lan now the application of lam which is the chopper group what happens if we

add lam to the end again the chopping gets rid of the noon so we have etc etc etc so when you are asked why is this majzoom why has the noon gone you will say by looking before it you'll see a particle or there could be a possibility of a condition so lam has made this verb mudare lose its erab the noon of erab and therefore it is in majzoom state and therefore there is two variations we have yafthahani yafthaha yafthaha and they are both the

same for nasab and majzoom state that's the way it is in the language and that's why we are explaining here so in the first group we looked at it was damma fatha sukoon in the second group which is this group noon present it is marfo noon not there it could be mansub or majzoom the particle before will tell us what its erab is now for the mabni group the one does not change the noon is not the noon of erab but the noon of the pronoun

of the dua pronoun i should say so the hammer doesn't matter it's locked it's so strongly locked that the hammer cannot knock knock the noon away so lan yafthahna again no change at all yafthahna lan yafthahna lam yafthahna so whether it's lan lam or anything it will remain fixed and this is called the mabni group very easy to remember inshallah ta'ala and how do you know it is rafa because there is no particle before how do you know it is mansub because lan is before how

do i know it is majzoom because lam is before and that's all the complexities that we have surrounding the erab of al mudari okay brothers and sisters all that i have covered now summarised on one sheet for your benefit i hope and pray inshallah ta'ala allah subhanahu wa ta'ala accept our efforts and your efforts in learning arabic now let us go back to where we were so we have the file please note the file in five of them is mustatir represented by the smile and then

we have one two one two three four five six seven of them with the doer you can see in red these are the ones who have the noon of arab at the end coming after them and we have two of them where the noon is always present but this noon is not the noon of arab this noon is the noon of the doer so this is your doer list five hidden seven showing and then two of them no change so alhamdulillah let's move on so these

are your marfu standard default state there is no need to explain why why they are because that's the default standard that there is now the the sign of them being marfor is dhamma in five of them so pesh dhamma in five of them indicates that they are marfor the presence of the noon in one two three four five six seven of them tells me that this is marfor if the noon disappeared we know what will happen and then we have two of them where the noon

does not change this is not the noon of arab this is the noon of the doer the purple noon for the sake of example here so this is marfor now for it to be mansub it changes of course to fatha as you can see in the example here why because of particles like and lankai now there are a few others we'll cover them later inshallah and these are your hammers whenever they come in front of a mudara verb they will hit and they will flatten it

and make it fatha so the how do i know it is mansub because of the presence of a fatha and then we look behind it we find a particle a hammer particle which knocks it flat then we have the removal of the noon for the seven how do you know it is mansub well we won't know exactly until we look back okay it's an lan and kai it's made it mansub and therefore the noon is knocked out and these two the noon will never be dropped

out because this is the doer the doer must remain within the verb and then we have my zoom my zoom i put an up arrow to indicate it this is a flat arrow and this is your uh pointing arrow upwards for rafa nasab mansub and my zoom just a sukoon symbol again there are other particles and conditions but we'll only look at two particles now lam lamma they will change it and they will remove the noon so how do we know these are your choppers so

they chop everything all we left with the sukoon how do you know it is rafa because of the presence of the sukoon at the end so how sorry i should have said how do you know it is my zoom because of the sukoon at the end how do you know these are my zoom because the noon is gone and plus before it is a chopper like lam and lamma and of course these two remain so this screen inshallah covers all of that in summary and it

has the explanation a topic which often many people find confusing inshallah i hope and pray that i've been able to make it simpler for you by the grace of allah we'll conclude part one here i if i went on the video will be way too long and some of you don't like long videos you prefer short alhamdulillah i'm trying my best but i want to make sure i cover things in detail anyhow in the next session we are going to cover the particles that makes it

nasab or mansub and the particles and i will briefly mention the conditions that makes it my zoom or jessam state inshallah in the following video and provided there is time i will also give you plenty of examples for you to look at this is a foundation knowledge because this is the major complexity area with the mudar verb and especially when you begin you see a verb and you expect the scale to be exactly the same as what we've done before and you find changes in why

is the dhamma gone and why is the fatah where's the noon gone and why is an extra alif that's come in etc etc so all of these things can cause confusion i hope and pray to allah azza wajal that i have been able to make it simpler for you thank you all for your feedback and your support and your duas may allah subhanahu wa ta'ala bless you with the very best in this world and in the hereafter may allah put barakah in your studies may allah

subhanahu wa ta'ala open up the quran for all of us may allah forgive us all and may allah subhanahu wa ta'ala reward all of us for abundantly for the efforts that we are making in order to understand the quran until the next video