Modifying Al-Mudari — The Imperfect Verb Simplified

========== Lesson: Master Arabic Grammar: Modifying Mudari (المضارع) | The Imperfect Verb Simplified [L08] Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UI0RM2dDYjw Cleaned: No ---------------------------------------------------------- CLEANING NOTES: correct Arabic terms, punctuation, remove fillers (um/uh), add [MM:SS] timestamps at section breaks, mark unclear passages with [?] ---------------------------------------------------------- Master Arabic Grammar: Modifying Mudari (المضارع) | The Imperfect Verb Simplified [L08]

0:00 Assalamu Alaikum, welcome dear brothers and sisters to our 8th lesson. In this lesson inshallah we are looking at the mudare verb in more detail. In particular how its meaning is altered by adding certain prefixes to the lesson.

0:15 The ones that we are going to focus on in this lesson is how to negate the meaning of the mudare and again I am sure you recall from previous lessons we did the same thing with the maadi. Then we are going to look at how to take the meaning of the mudare into the future tense meaning and the use of qad and very importantly what happens when we use kaana with a mudare verb. We have already seen kaana being used with the maadi, we will look at what happens in the mudare.

0:43 And again this will give you the bulk of what you need in order to be able to recognise it in the Quran and hadith and as not only that but inshallah ta'ala also to be able to translate it correctly and this is the most important thing, the contextual understanding of the mudare. So these are some of the prefixes that go before and inshallah in the next lesson we are going to look at the prefixes that come which also change the meaning but more importantly they also alter the ending of the mudare and this is something new inshallah which we will cover in the next lesson. So let us make du'a, rabbi zidni ilma, oh my lord increase me in knowledge and let us begin with the blessed name of Allah, bismillahirrahmanirrahim.

1:26 Basically a verb is one that gives us the meaning of an action with reference to a tense, we have been through this definition before and of course we know we have three different types of verbs primarily in Arabic, there are others but they can be included as subcategories. So we have the perfect tense for example nasara, he helped and then we have the imperfect tense yansuru, he helps or he will help or he is helping and then we have the third main one which is amr inshallah which we will be covering soon. So we have unsur which is a command form or a request help.

2:03 So these are the three main types of verbs and of course the meaning of the maadi is that an action has already taken place at the time of speaking, meaning of the mudare is that the action is not complete at the time of speaking and therefore it can include three different tenses as we see it in English and of course imperative is when somebody is commanded to do something or requested to do something. So this is the basic essence of the three tenses, we are going

to see now in this lesson how using certain particles we can change the meaning of the mudare. Like we did with the maadi in the previous lessons, we saw that maadi can be negated with ma for example and etc and its meaning can go in the future with itha and we have also seen how it is used in dua etc.

2:49 So we are going to see the same over the next two lessons with the mudare. Modifying the perfect tense al maadi. Quick review of what we did, inshallah this will help you understand this lesson also so I have included a brief overview with the maadi.

3:04 What did we do? We added things like wa, fa, lam etc before the maadi and then we got qad, ma, la, itha, in, kana and we went through them all and these are the more common prefixes to the maadi that you will see. Of course I repeat for your reminder that if the prefix is a single or if the word in Arabic is a single letter word like wa and like fa and the lam of emphasis which you see here, what will you see? You will see it written joined to the word that comes after it so it will be attached in writing. So in Arabic general rule that single letter words are always written attached to the next word.

3:45 So sometimes you can have two three words coming together and this is the secret of learning that. Then we have of course more than one letter word like qad, ma, la, itha, in, kana and you have seen qad gives emphasis, ma and la negates, itha puts it in the future so as in and kana gives the meaning of the distant past. This is what we did before inshallah ta'ala and of course they can be combined like qad, wa qad, fa qad, la qad, wa la qad.

4:13 So you see these many many times in the Quran and of course when you read them if you're not familiar with Arabic grammar they look like one word but in example here this is actually three words. We have wa, la and qad. So this is a big tip inshallah ta'ala, areas where I got confused when I was learning.

4:30 Many times I was looking at one word, what looked like one word but in reality it was more than one word. So this is something that you should note. Again just to give you a quick example, Hamid helped Zaid standard maadi sentence, Nasara Hamidun Zaid and I put ma in front, Zaid did not help Hamid.

4:48 La, again I mentioned before, la is usually used to negate the maadi but you repeat it if there's more than one negation. So la kataba wa la qara'a, la kataba wa la qara'a, he did not write nor read. Jazakallahu khayran, putting the meaning in the future, even though it's a past tense because it is like a dua so it is already happened meaning.

5:11 And again we have examples from the Quran, wa itha sa'alaka ibaadi, when my slave ask you, even though the sa'ala is actually a maadi verb but because of itha it puts the meaning in the future. And of course another example, la in shakartum, shakartum is a maadi verb and I hopefully you can recognise it, shakartum, shakara means he thanked, shakartum, you all thanked. So because it's in in front, the translation will be if you are grateful, if you are grateful or if you are thankful, if you are grateful then la azidannakum, I will certainly give you more.

5:50 So you can see here how in is pushing the meaning in the future and then qad, qad gives us two meanings, one is certainty and the other is recent past. So this is the bulk of the prefixes that are used with the maadi and we can do similar with the mudare inshaAllah ta'ala, we got some prefixes that go before which are exclusive to the mudare and others of course are shared with other types of words like wa, fa and la, they are exclusively used throughout the language. So the use of kana is very very important, I'll do a quick review with kana inshaAllah also.

6:26 Hamidun taliban, Hamid is a student. So the sentence now is jumla ismiya and is giving the meaning of the person being of something. So for example here Hamid is a student.

6:38 But if I put kana in front of jumla ismiya, I get kana hamidun taliban, Hamid was a student. Hamid was a student. But if I want to use kana with a subject which is more than one, masculine, for example here almuslimuna, Muslims, ok then we put kanu, kanu, please make a note of that and of course it puts the subject into nasab.

7:07 This has been covered in book one inshaAllah I hope. And again kunna, nasarna, kuntu, khatabtu, darsa etc etc. So you need to make sure that the kana, because it is not a particle, a verb, it conjugates, you need to use and you need to get the doer to agree.

7:25 So here the doer is plural, nahnu, and therefore it needs to be used with muslimuna. I hope inshaAllah this is all revisioned for you. As long as you got this, this lesson will be relatively easy inshaAllah ta'ala what happens with the mudare. So you should be very familiar with this screen. In the first column I've got the single letter prefixes that are commonly used with the maadi. Wa, fa, lam for emphasis.

7:50 Then we have qad, ma, la, idha, in, kana. Of course they can be used in combination depending on context. And in the middle I've got my scale 14 variations of the maadi and I've got the attached pronouns at the end.

8:05 Just a quick reminder, whenever you see an attached pronoun, whenever, attached to a verb, whether it's maadi, mudare, or amr, it makes no difference. Whenever you see attached pronouns, that is your hu, kuma, hum, ka, kuma, kum, etc. When you see them you can immediately assume that this is the mafoolun bihi, the object of the verb.

8:27 If you remember this inshaAllah you'll avoid a lot of confusion in Arabic. So the attached pronoun comes with a verb only as mafoolun bihi, meaning the object. So sometimes you need to even translate two pronouns. One in the verb and the other is the attached pronoun. For example, he helped her. He helped her. They helped you. So again you can see that in our English of course we're using three separate words. In Arabic they will look like one word.

9:00 With that being said, this will give you the summary that you need with the maadi. And I hope and pray when we went through the lesson you did it inshaAllah ta'ala. A lot of this is just recollection and I'm giving you this because the same principle applies with the mudare.

9:15 And I'm going to go through it relatively quickly inshaAllah ta'ala so you don't have to spend a lot of time reviewing what we've already done with the maadi. Anything is new. My appeal to you all that I've made these videos, they're not really designed to be quick short videos and you can watch them for five minutes, ten minutes, please pause and come back whenever you can.

9:32 But watch them thoroughly please because I'm trying to cover not everything because that would be impossible. You can't make that in one video. But the essential bits that you need I put them first and I explain them inshaAllah ta'ala so that later on when you come to doing complex stuff this foundational level Arabic is second nature to you.

9:52 And so you'll be able to handle more difficult concepts and ideas. My theory is that there's nothing really complex it's just the fact that we just haven't seen it enough times to be able to recognise it. So if you just jumped onto this video you will struggle because I'm not going to be able to go through everything that I've already done.

10:09 But I'm just going to introduce the new concepts inshaAllah and explain them and hopefully in the future as long as you've seen the videos when we come to doing verses of Quran and so on which I do intend to do Allah give tawfiq as surahs of Quran and so on all of this will be just revision inshaAllah ta'ala. But of course I can't cover everything but I'm covering the most important and frequent. May Allah grant me tawfiq and forgive my mistakes.

10:37 Modifying al-mudari' the imperfect tense verb. Just like we did with the maadi I put a little chart here which covers everything that you need to know. Not everything but most things that you need to know.

10:50 So on the right hand side you will see the prefixes that are commonly used with the mudari' there are others but these are the ones we need to know now. So wa, fa and qad is shared with the maadi which we've already seen so these are already seen and also laam I forgot sorry. Laa is also used with the mudari' for negation there's also maa'i is used I'll cover that briefly so that's your negation.

11:15 Sa and sawfa these two are exclusive, exclusive to the mudari' they will not come in front of anything else so these two particles only come with the mudari' so if you ever see anywhere any sa or sawfa you know that the verb after is the mudari' verb. And then kaana which you've seen with the maadi you'll see it with the mudari' also and then we have the red ones now there are quite a few more of these inshallah they will be covered in the next lesson. And just like we did with the maadi whenever you see the attached pronoun that is the object mansub and it is the attached pronoun which can be nasab or jar but whenever it is attached to a verb it is always mansub due to the fact that it is maf'oolun bihi.

12:01 So again same as with the maadi you can end up translating two pronouns in one word what looks like one word but in reality it's two words and if you have a prefix it could be three or four words joined together to show us one word. I'll show you a few examples of those from the Quran and these are the ones that confuse beginning students but inshallah if you're following this method and it's working for you Allah bless you may Allah reward you but carry on

inshallah as you go through every single time we learn something new and Allah grant us tawfiq to apply it you'll see how easy Allah has made the understanding of Quran and Arabic for us all we require from ourselves is a little bit of effort may Allah grant all of us tawfiq. How to negate the imperfect verb al mudari' so again review we used ma with the maadi we used ma primarily to negate la can also be used to negate primarily it is ma now here the

difference of course is only in the translation we have with fataha he opened ma fataha he did not open I hope that makes sense we've done this inshallah ta'ala before so if you learn to conjugate first then you learn the use of ma then translating it should not be complex for you so whichever 14 forms it is wherever it appears ma with the maadi gives you the negation in meaning we can also use ma and la with the mudari' verb please note before I give you

this example la is a primary one ma is rare but can be used there is a subtle difference between the two la can be can negate present present continuous as well as the future so for example la can be he isn't doing he does not do he will not do for example with ma the future meaning is not there so you can have he isn't doing he does not do but it will not give the meaning of he will not do that is the main difference

now you're going to ask me why is it how will I translate it as isn't doing does not do will not do it will depend on the rest of the context but as far as these two is concerned la is the most important one and most common so when we put la in front yafthahu means he opens la yafthahu he does not open and la afthahu I do not open la nafthahu we do not open la for example tafthahuna you all do not open etc etc

etc so if you write this down once in the way I've shown you with the maadi then inshallah for the rest of your life you should be able to recall that la negates it and along with the 14 conjugation this will also help you conjugate all 14 forms of the mudare a lot more quicker inshallah ta'ala again all it is is one or two verbs where we spend our energy and the rest come free to us inshallah so please have a look at this inshallah ta'ala

chart and that's all you will need as far as negation is concerned so an example here la yafthahu the translation will be he does not open I'm only using one here just to save time la afthahu I do not open la tafthahuna you all do not open that's all you need inshallah ta'ala there is no other drama here everything is very simple just la coming in front negates it so here you have the complete chart la ya'budu la ya'budani la ya'buduna la ta'budu la ta'budani la

ya'buduna again you can see them here inshallah ta'ala if you write it down once and the verb I've used is abada ya'budu abada ya'budu from the nasara family or group nasara bab nasara abada ya'budu ok and then I have negated all of them and hint if you look at surah al kafirun inshallah ta'ala you will see many examples there of this in practise surah al kafirun please do take time after the lesson to look at it yourself and see if you can recognise by yourself inshallah

ta'ala and it will give you a lot of boost that you are beginning to recognise parts of Quran inshallah ta'ala using qad with al mudariq qad with maadi I said is very frequent and what it does it gives us two essential things one is that it gives the meaning of emphasis certainly Hamid went so qad dhahaba hamidun qad dhahaba zayidun it also can give the meaning of something just happened now meaning it just left so those two are the essentials with qad and it is very

very commonly used in Arabic as for of course Quran and hadith you will find it so qad a particle with two letters therefore it is always written as a separate word qad with al mudariq is essentially the same there is not much difference except the fact that it is primarily used for emphasis and frequency emphasis and frequency meaning it happens regularly for example here we have from the Quran wa laqad na'lamu and certainly we know annaka yadeequ sadruka bima so here we see the meaning and

we already know that your breast is constrained by what they say meaning this the disbelievers with the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam what they were saying about him and so on Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala sees that how the repeated action is affecting or is constraining the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam chest so you can see here wa laqad na'lamu and certainly we know Allah is fully aware of the difficulties of the Prophet sallallahu alayhi wa sallam and what they are doing so this gives us that

basic meaning and emphasis here with qad and you can also see alhamdulillah I hope now you are very familiar that this is three words not one wa la and qad three and la and qad of course double emphasis and wa means and so you can see them combined and it's a very beautiful example of seeing how qad is used with the mudare verb again just a reminder the qad can be used with the maadi as well as the mudare verb again the simply by putting qad

in front we don't have to worry about anything else there's no change or anything just changes the meaning and it comes before as a prefix and that's the conjugation again with one example for you do feel free please to rewrite these inshallah and of course there should be no problems with translating I'm leaving the translations out now because it clutters the screen and it's easier to read without it but if this verb is fataha means he opened yaftahu he opens that's all the you need to

know and then of course you know the doer this is they to open this is they as in masculine plural open they as in feminine plural open etc so you can see the 14 conjugations simply qad and nothing else to worry about using sa and sawfa with al mudare to give the meaning of the future tense two very important particles which are exclusively used with the mudare are sa and sawfa both essentially are the same there is subtle difference between the two with the mudare when

sawfa is used it gives the meaning of soon meaning this action will happen soon and sa usually very soon so it's more recent it will happen meaning as in very soon from the time of speaking that's the difference between the two sawfa is used 42 times and sa is used 119 times in the quran since sa is a single letter word it will be written attached so please note these two particles are not used with the maadi or anything else for that matter but primarily with

the mudare verb sawfa plus the mudare soon sa plus the mudare gives the meaning of very soon these are the two points inshallah to note before we look at these two examples so i have here the first yaktubu yaktubu means he writes of course i put sawfa in front sawfa yaktubu and then have sa yaktubu there is no change anything else simply sawfa or sa he writes soon he will write very soon he will write so again this is specific tool to put the meaning to

the future there is no other meaning here present or present continuous another example you should be able to translate this already but just as a reminder ayn, laam and meem are the roots so the maadi is alima and the mudare is ya'lamu alima ya'lamu sami'a yasma'u baab so you have here ya'lamuna which means they know as in the present tense they will know soon they will know and very soon they will know so that's the subtle difference between them inshallah by using these particles in front

so we can conjugate all 14 and simply put sawfa in front and we'll get the meaning soon he will open from the yafta'u means he opens or he will open here we specify the meaning in the future same thing with sa sa yafta'u okay very soon he will open so sawfa yafta'u soon he will open sa yafta'u very soon he will open i hope inshallah that this is very clear to you there's nothing complex here it's a case of making a note mental note of what

they are and how they do and again i do emphasise if you do conjugate it write it by hand inshallah the knowledge will remain with you using kaana with the mudare kaana we've used with the maadi very common kaana fataha he had opened so kaana can be used jumla ismiya it can be used with a verb so the meaning of course kaana gives us a that happened a long time ago meaning in the distant past depends on what the content of the story you're trying to

tell kaana fataha he had opened or kaanu fatahu they had opened some time ago so it's the distant past meaning so with the maadi you will conjugate the kaana exactly like you conjugate the maadi or the ending and they need to match them so for example kuntu fatahtu kaana fataha and kaanat fatahat kunta fatahta etc etc etc so you match the 14 with the 14 that you need to use at the beginning the two that you need to most commonly you see is kaana and kaanat

but when you begin to use more and more examples you see all of them inshallah so just make a note of these the difference between kaana with the maadi and kaana with is that mudare gives the meaning of past continuous or past habitual whereas with the kaana and the maadi gives a distant past so it's still the past distant past but the mudare's meaning of course is in the present or an incomplete sense so it is not done at the time of speaking so it gives

a meaning of present present continuous or future with kaana it puts it in the past as if it's a habitual act okay something he would do in the past so for example i would say every morning he would i'm talking about a brother righteous brother who would walk to the masjid for fajr so every morning he would walk to the masjid for fajr for example or every morning he would drink water so again something past continuous past habitual something that this person used to do and

that in that occasion you will use the present tense verb with kaana to give that give the meaning of past continuous and habitual it's a very very important use and very common use so please note you cannot now no longer translate this as in the future or in the present you will translate it in the past continuous so he used to open he was opening he used to do that action exactly the same principle kaana you conjugate the 14 of them and you will use them

with the mudare so for example we will use here let's take another one for example again you have to match one for the other so if you learned the kaana conjugation and i've forced you repeatedly reminded you to do in the last two three lessons inshallah then this should not be a complex thing for you and again i'm taking the translations out because it clutters the screen but now because i've got the numbers here inshallah you should be able to recall what goes where and what

the translations should be inshallah just be patient and do things slowly inshallah and it will catch so kaana can be used with the maadi it can be used to the mudare and note the differences in the meaning summary of the prefixes and suffixes to the imperfect tense al mudare example with the maadi if you keep this chart with you inshallah this hopefully inshallah it was not going to be a major problem for you i've coloured it differently three different but you should be already able to

recognise this wow means and means he made should be this one we made so the verb is which is the fataha verb he made means he makes wajalna this kum is here so this is the object and we made because this na here we made you but of course it's plural you all in english was only one you in arabic we have six different ones so and we made you all this is examples from the quran so alhamdulillah following what we've got so far by allah's

grace you should be in a position now to start recognising this as three different words if not four if you include the we as a separate word here not one word because it is all written together as if it's one word and when you begin your journey in arabic of course at the beginning they look daunting but once you start recognising the parts translation and understanding becomes a lot lot easier so this is an example with the maadi the principle is exactly the same with the

mudara and we'll look at a couple of examples inshallah before we conclude the next example is a mudara verb with prefixes we have here inshallah you have no problem recognising i've coloured it differently again for your convenience should take you here number three in our conjugation they know that is the present tense so this part is they know so let's translate that as very soon so thus then whatever the convenient translation in english will be so we have now three different words extra pronoun in english

because of the wow here so they know so we have here then very soon they will know then very soon they will know or so very soon they will know again another quranic example for you looks like one word but technically three words in one and that is again alhamdulillah by recognising prefixes and of course ensuring that you understand the scale of the verb then you will have no problems with this another simpler one used quite frequently in the quran so we have la here and

should take you somewhere here so together we end up with you do not know you all know you all do not know you all don't know probably that's a better sounding translation so you have now alhamdulillah this chart is going to help you i bought out the common prefixes inshallah long as you know how to use them i do remind you that i have not covered the red ones that is for the next lesson inshallah can of course we've covered here already last example so let's

quickly go through inshallah no no difficulties here so what is the meaning here so or thus soon okay so soon they will know or soon very soon they will come to know so whichever way you translate thus soon they will come to know or they will realise so inshallah i hope these examples have helped you and please note i have not covered lan and lam yet i will do that in the next lesson is a bit more detailed lesson inshallah alhamdulillah by the grace of allah

we have now concluded lesson number eight and now you know how to negate the modal verb using la primarily the future tense sa or sawfa and you looked at the example of kana being you know the use of it with the modare and the change in meaning so these are things inshallah just as a note and these are things you really don't need to make a list to remember but they will become very very useful inshallah when you go through any arabic text these lessons will

help you that is all for this lesson i hope and pray inshallah that you are finding them of benefit kindly remember us in your duas and do give comment and feedback suggestions for improvement inshallah i will try to implement as many lessons as i can i do apologise it's taking a long time to make videos due to personal circumstances inshallah make dua for me that i can make more videos more frequently inshallah and then i can complete this series as soon as possible i also do

want to by the grace of allah do a complete surah analysis of the quran starting with surah al fatiha may allah grant us tofeeq inshallah to get there kindly remember me in your duas and may allah bless you with the very best in this world in the hereafter for all your support that you're giving me and again if you want to support this channel please see in the description inshallah how you can help us until the next video ---------------------------------------------------------- END OF TRANSCRIPT