Essential Parts — Words and Sentences

0:00 Assalamu alaikum. Welcome to the second part of lesson one where we're looking at the mapping of morphology. There are two aspects inshallah I'm going to cover in the second part of the video.

0:11 I split the video into two just to make it palatable for you inshallah. Here we've looked at in the past video part one the how the root goes in. We didn't go into any detail but shows you the possibility of the number of words that can come just as a very basic example from the three root letters. It's like three roots coming out with number of large trunks and from there forking out. So if you can imagine one of them to be verb the other one

to be noun then the many subcategories of nouns are produced and many subcategories of verbs are produced. So it's all from the three root the three root letters gives us some basic meaning from which words are derived and there's always a link between the the root essential root meanings I should say meanings not meaning and from there inshallah you can see how different words are conjugated from the root and the principle is really every time you add something to the root whether it's a vowel or

an additional consonant sound at all time you are adding additional meaning and this is not random but is fixed on a scale. Just to make that point clear I'm going to now give you an illustrated example of how the main conjugation points which I call the top line I'll explain that later inshallah that in coming videos where the first item on the each category here for example in the verbs as well as the nouns and then from there we can conjugate is duals is plurals etc.

I'm going to show you how that works just to give you an illustrated example so you don't think it's all theory that I'm giving you and inshallah very soon you will be able to do that and once you're there thereabouts you can then now deal with more of the so-called complex issues in arabic grammar even going to quran translation inshallah as well as grammatical analysis of quranic text but without really doing this you will be always going back and forth so we're going to go through

in book two the instructor's approach to this learning we're going to learn form one we're going to learn this the sound letters then we're going to do the weak ones which we have already previously mentioned at the end of part one and then we're going to learn the at throughout this process we will be learning additional rules related to the verbal sentences inshallah so the first part of this video i'm going to give you a illustrated examples and then second part i'm going to give you

a map of the verbal sentence we've already done some verbal sentences in book one but here we're going to just look at the main structures and then later on inshallah through the examples as we go through the lessons in each lessons you have it will increase your depth and also uh and your depth of understanding as well as your broad aspect of the the root words their meanings etc as well as how to apply them in jumla ismiya and jumla fa'iliya and so on so let

us begin uh with the blessed name of allah bismillahirrahmanirrahim seeking his help and his mercy and continuing with our dua oh my lord increase me in knowledge on the screen in front of you you have the 10 numbers 1 to 10 the roman numbers which you can see on the right hand side inshallah and each one is is has the scale of the past tense here present tense here these are all verbs and of course the command form i've only kept a few here though the

chart could grow significantly longer this way so just a few and then we have the master the verbal noun then we have the doer okay noun and then we have the object of course all the others i mentioned in part one i could also be here so these is these are your top lines from there for example this is the past tense for example from there you will conjugate 14 past tense verbs a different one for each doer which is the four pronouns that we have

the second person third person first person singular dual plural etc so that's the maadi from there you conjugate we'll learn how to do that in the next lesson inshallah then you have the mudara which is the verb that is the action not yet done or will be done then we have the command form so you have the scales for each one and from there you can easily conjugate the others once you know how to do that then we have the master master is not known for

form one because there's no fixed pattern but from two to ten it's very easy to recognise them and of course uh conjugate them also the do the noun of the doer in form one and all the other forms are here the noun of the object is also here and similarly there would be the case if we went across so this is going to be our main chart of study that's all we need as a reference point inshallah and soon there will be a site where you

can download this from please bear with me i i i'm working on uh design work is not on my best skill but we will get a website for you to download from and it will be in the description so please look at the description uh rather than messaging directly as soon as it's ready i for each video where the notes are i will tell you inshallah and you can inshallah download them from there so each page will have its own uh um notes each lesson will

have his own notes and you can get a link and whatever useful notes that there is including this diagram inshallah i'll share with you anyway back to the point here so this is all you need to know now in truth you don't even need to know all of this once you've done a few examples of the verbs and you're aware of them you don't even need this chart because once you've done number 10 you know exactly what it looks like so you can put it to

one side same as the case with the others so it's just there for study purposes once you know it you don't need to carry it around with you you can conjugate yourself inshallah but at the beginning this is very very useful i found it very useful so i rewrote it myself inshallah i'm hoping praying there's no mistakes in there but that's the scales this is the scale all we do is change the root letters in it so that's basically uh inshallah where we are going to

start our study from or use it as a base we'll start with number one and then we'll go across with the others inshallah so the reminder are there are two groups group one and group two to ten so when i say form one that's what i mean i'm not going to repeat the terminology again and again and two to ten we'll just number them and you can see the number of times so form one is the most important then form four then form eight and then

we've got which is the next one uh here sorry form form eight and then possibly in the front number five so that's the order of the frequency of words that you will find in the quran the stats as i have them so basically if you just learn a few forms then inshallah bulk of the work is done and the rules that you learned in terms of you know whether it's a verb and all of that they apply equally to all even including um form four and

all the other sorry four root letters and others inshallah so this is where the bulk of our study needs to so in the illustrated example i'm going to give you a couple from here okay from one and then i'm going to give you uh one from form four that should be enough otherwise this lesson will be long we could conjugate all night as you know there are thousands and thousands of words and i'll show you how easy it is and very soon inshallah you will be

able to do the same on the screen you can see uh in blue i have the scale on the top so the barb is mentioned on the side here we have the uh number one and we have a sub loon there don't worry that will become clear inshallah as we go through but we have the three root letters long as i know what scale they're supposed to follow all i got to replace is the fa ayn and lam with the three root letters and that's it

if i replace the fa and ayn and lam with the three root letters that's it i don't need to do any more so what i do here fa is the of course the first root letter here is ha ha ayn is the second root which has a fatha so the second root that i have here is lam and then the lam that's on the template follows the cough which is here so khalaqa khalaqa literally means he created now if i want to put the present tense

in the front the first root letter will have a sukoon so yakh the third second root letter which is the lam will have a dhamma and the last root letter will have a dhamma so i'm following the scale i hope you can appreciate that inshallah just keep on keep and keep your eye on the scale and then the change of fa with kha change of ayn with lam and change of lam with qaf so xyz just similar to equation here for example i have alif and

then this is actually a humzatul wasl so we have the first root letter which has got sukoon second root letter which is a lam got a dhamma and the third root letter which has got a sukoon with a qaf and of course this is right create create command form the master is not known for this pattern meaning you cannot recognise it automatically you have to go to the dictionary find what that is but the one who creates the one who creates the creator the doer noun

from the same root is like so look fa with a fatha and an extra alif afterwards and then the second root letters got lam which is got a kasra and the third root letters got a dhamma khaliqun means the creator creator so khalaqa verb basic meaning to create yakhluku he creates ukhluk to create command form to create khaliq or khaliqun is what creator the one who creates and that which is created which is the object form look i'm just following the pattern first root letter sukoon

second root letter dhamma then a and then third root letter so the wow here is extra meme is extra at the beginning the creation so allah is khaliq the creator and makhluq is everything else you and i that's how easy it is inshallah ta'ala let's go for another example inshallah very quickly we have ra ha and ra ha and meme these are the root letters means to be show mercy so we have ra he ma i hope you can see i'm calling faila pattern here and

then yar ha mu exactly the same i'm only following the pattern so this is different from the top one this slightly different variation but i'm following a prefix pattern and of course this will be irham so ra he ma yar ha mu irham very soon you'll be able to do this we leave the master alone for a moment ra he moon ra he moon okay the one who showed mercy shows mercy mercy and the one who's received mar ho moon i hope you can see all

i'm doing is following the pattern and scale it could be any other route as long as it goes through the door we just follow the patterns so for example kura bin abada so ayin ba and dal abada ya'budu u'bud okay abid ma'bud very simple process inshallah ta'ala once you've done a couple of them the same thing with rahim this pattern or any of the others we'll look at so these are all called form one thulati mujarrad meaning there is nothing else apart from the three root

letters in the base form base form is the top line where you conjugate from that's what i mean the top line so let's look at now example from form mazeed fee which is the extra just to show you that this is really very very structured and all you need to do is follow scale so here we have the scale at the top you can see the first one has got the patha on the first root letter so the first router in my example is ayin okay

ayin lam means to know that's the basic root meaning ayin has got a fatha the second root letter has a lam okay in the the root letter of the ayin lam mean and i put a shadda there with a fatha on top so what i've done is i doubled the second root letter okay alima in the base form means to know allama means to teach so allama he taught the second which is our verb which is mudare which is the action not yet complete so you

have you here with the dhamma and then we have the first root letter then the lam is doubled allama yuallimu okay from fa'ala yufa'ilu becomes allama so you can see that here inshallah ta'ala and then i want to command somebody to teach so for example we have ayin lam shadda but this time it is a kasra and sukoon allim allim allama yuallimu allim from form two to from ten we can easily recognise the master or master has a fixed pattern so here becomes ta fatha ayin

sukoon lam kasra ya and mim ta'alimun means teaching education learning that kind of thing now the one who does the action mentioned in the root so ayin lam means knowledge this and then pattern with the shadda in the middle means to give the knowledge so here we have and i hopefully recognise this word muallimun the one who parts or does the action mentioned in the root the one who teaches muallimun is used for teacher and the one who receives it it will have this scale muallimun

muallimun i hope inshallah from the above blue line you can see all i'm doing is i'm following a preset scale all i'm putting is three root letters there will be hundreds and hundreds of verbs that will go through the same door and they will all follow the same voweling system along with the additional consonants that we have and this is what we mean by the scale of the pattern and i'm only going to do one per otherwise this video will be too long now then we

have the fourth one which is number four ba four form four whatever you want to call it and here we're going to put the root at seen and mean it means contentment it means peace it means submission that kind of meaning so we have here we have here ah hamza okay seen with sukoon aslamah aslamah and then the mudara version will be yus limu so all i'm doing is representing the fa ayn lam with seen lam and mean command form will be aslim so if you

translate as submitted he submitted he submits and telling somebody to submit okay and islam now we're going to follow the if i'll pattern look how beautiful this is this is a word you should all know islamun so that is the master islamun so seen lam mean if i loon so became the the second root letter first root letter and so on i'm putting a alif extra after the second root letter so we have islamun and look the one who does islam is called i hope you

recognise that word muslimun and then one who receives it this is not that commonly used muslimun okay muslimun muslimun okay muslimun is the one we are interested in the doer of that in the root so the first one is the past tense aslamah present tense yus limu command form aslim islam is the master the verbal noun muslim is the one who does the action mentioned in the root so that's how beautiful and structured it is very soon inshallah once you follow this structure where you too

will be able to do that so if you come across a new word that you don't know you would not only be able to recognise which root is from but you should also be able to recognise which type of verb it is which type of noun it is and also conjugate it if there is dual plural and so on as well as masculine and feminine forms etc so alhamdulillah i hope this is uh bringing some light bulbs and encouragement in yourselves that what we are going

to be studying is something profound and it's going to give us a lifelong yield so again please don't take these lessons as entertainment and just there i don't think there's anything entertaining in them anyway but please take them seriously that you're learning some skills basic essential skills just like a person learning to cook has to learn certain basic skills which in order to cook well and those skills he repeats throughout his life or her life in the same way you and i in order to learn

arabic to understand quran two or three skills are very very important now which we touched on in book one we'll continue to touching on here and this is the science called surf or morphology both of them are very very important very very helpful once you've done the basics inshallah put your patience in you will see a new tool will be able to do uh these this level of conjugation yourself and very quickly recognise words and their appropriate meaning let me illustrate the depth just touching the

surface of what you can achieve very quickly inshallah we have here the 14 pronouns just to give you example i'm not going to go through it in detail i've got a root here it follows the form one pattern now what can i do if i know that it follows that what can i do very simply for the past tense which is here pattern i can produce 14 14 verbs and you'll learn that next lesson inshallah so i'm not holding anything from you 14 forms of each

one for each one of the pronouns that are mentioned on the right hand side which you can see here inshallah so these are the pronouns embedded within the verb are these and this is the beauty this is what you're going to learn very very soon now if we have the 14 pronouns uh there in the back so there's 14 forms of that verb for the i've got another 14 same principle then i've got the passive form remember i mentioned earlier passive form of the verb i

have another 14 for the passive form and then i have another 14 for the passive present these were passive past okay bit of a mouthful but i hope you get get it and then we're the command form six forms at least there are others but six forms when you directly command someone to do an action so one for the singular one for the dual and for the plural one set for the masculine one set for the feminine and then when you tell somebody not to do

something exactly the same so if that open lot of that don't open uh fatah he opens yeah sorry fatah he opened yeah he opens and it was opened and it will be opened for example passive forms then of course we have our nouns not only the verbs we have our noun so what happens with the nouns for example fatihun the one who does the action of opening i can now put that into the muslim table that you learned earlier in book one i believe in lesson

number five lesson number four and five so we you can create 18 indefinite and 18 definite that's 36 from the doer so you've got all these 14 6 6 plus your 36 and then of course you can also do that with the object version mafool version so you can see 36 plus 36 then we've got all the other type of nouns we mentioned we can conjugate also them masculine feminine and where possible what is necessary dual and plural so we're literally talking about hundreds and hundreds

of words all produced from the three root letters all going through the door long as we know which door it is and i mentioned that one above this door is called bab one is called bab fataha and it look at how many words it has opened up for us so you can see alhamdulillah a huge amount of words that are conjugated from this root so 14 for the first 14 for the second 36 here for this one 14 here for that one 14 for for this

one 36 for that one this one here and then of course we have six here and we have another six there so if you just count that you will get about 140 words and so i keep on telling the students learn one get 140 free you can't go wrong right so if you have another another word for example dahaba that goes through the door you're flying every word you can now start conjugating provided it goes through that door you know exactly the same if you know

another door nasara the one we did earlier khalaqa we did khalaqa there as an example for each one so we are literally talking about thousands of words potentially but at least 100 plus relatively easy for you inshallah if it has a passive form as well so this is the science this is where the energy needs to be spent just a little bit don't go too deep into this others will be studying it forever all you need is enough to be able to recognise to be able

to translate and conjugate yourself if necessary but again i repeat for you and i our job is done you're not to produce the language it's already there all we need to do is recognise it and translate correctly mapping verbal sentences before we go into looking at the sentence is very important to note there is a distinct difference between english verbs and arabic verbs and most important point to note is that every verb has three three pieces of information three distinct pieces of information which every verb

will have which is not really there in the english language so we have here one example which means i opened i opened so what are the three pieces of information in this verb number one we know what the action is open to open so the root fa ta and ha gives us this information that it is something to do with opening and these are the three root second thing i know it is a verb because of the scale the other thing i know who the doer

is the doer there is a pronoun in every verb please note that there is no verb without the doer being there so this verb has i i is represented here by the that with the dhamma to to so i opened so we know the action that is the verb what is doing which is opening or opened in the past tense and the doer we also know the tense how do we know the tense because of the way the root is structured and the vowels that it

takes and any addition so we know that this is the past tense and again we're going to look at that in the first lesson so every verb in the arabic language will have three pieces of information recognising it correctly is the secret to translating correctly or understanding the text or in particular understanding the verbal sentences correctly so the first thing we need to note is the verbs and that's why we'll be studying them first and then we'll be looking at them how they fit into the

verbal sentences uh and structure as a general and of course how they combine with a jumla ismi etc as we go through inshallah the essential parts of the verbal sentences are actually two parts we have the verb itself and then we have the doer and i explained to you that the doer can be inside the verb itself or it can be outside we'll look at that in a second and the third part which is not always there but in most cases it will be is the

object and then you can have lots of other things what do we mean by that you see we've been so far familiar with what we said meaning the direct object but there could be other types of object meaning when was the action done if the action was done with anybody the reason behind it to express uh more emphasis on the action etc the condition additional information exception etc all of them can be added or these types of structures can be added to the of course the

other structures we studied like the demonstrative sorry demonstrative phrases and others can come in in between within the structure itself in particular so they can come in also within the verbal structure but the key most important part is the verb itself and we noticed already that there are three pieces of information with every verb and then we have the doer of the verb and we have the object which we've already covered in some basic detail in book one but here we're going to be looking at

all of the other types and the connectors with verbs inshallah as we go through so please don't worry about this terminology i just wanted to summarise it on one screen this will now give you the bulk of what bulk of the rules that you need to know to begin to appreciate the verbal sentences in arabic so let's take a look at the verb first the verbs essentially can be of three types the first type is the past tense so for example here i've got a sentence

and i've highlighted the verb in yellow so you can see it better i'm saying in english hamid went to the mosque now from the english sentence you can easily tell that this is past tense hamid went so i can tell from the verb the structure here that hamid also dahaba is the past tense so the first type of verb we can have is the perfect tense the second sentence yadhabu hamidun ilal masjidi that translation would be hamid goes to the mosque or we could say he

will go to the mosque now goes is in the present tense will go in the future tense so again from the scale we know that it is the imperfect meaning the action has not yet been done third if i tell someone yadhab ilal masjid go to the mosque go to the mosque so if from the english you can tell that there are three tenses here one is the past meaning he went he goes present or future we can translate go imperative and when i'm commanding you

to go so this is three different types of there are others but these are the main anything else which follows subcategories of these so they are the verbs that we need to recognise so we need to recognise the tense and that's where the all the theory that i gave you earlier will come in so the verb can be either in simple main categories past present or future tense modare or a command form command form and these are the three verbs that will come at the beginning

now if you notice the english translation in all of them i had the hamid at the beginning in the first two because the subject always comes first in english whereas in arabic i can put the verb at the beginning i can put the verb at the beginning and therefore i have a verbal sentence that this nuanced difference is almost impossible to translate into english but you can recognise it and there are nuanced differences in meaning we will look at that later on inshallah so here we

have the three types of verbs so as far as the verb categorisation concerned there will be three that you need to recognise now as far as the doer is concerned we have two possibilities and that's very simple if you look at it this way when you go into arabic looks complex but it isn't but in essentially it's two possibilities either the doer can be a pronoun or a noun i'm sure you know the difference for example hamid helped that's okay who did the action hamid we

know or i could say she helped now we we are using a pronoun in place of a noun so the doer here is a pronoun and that's the difference so there's two main possibilities in simple side to have the doer doer can be a noun or a pronoun now here please note and we're going to go through this in detail if the doer is a pronoun then you do not need a separate pronoun in the arabic because the pronoun is embedded within the verb itself i

mentioned this earlier 14 different version so whichever pronoun you need to say you will use a version of the verb so in this example i have they they helped zaid they so the doer of here now is they how do i know from the shape and in particular from this wow this wow here that you can see on the screen so they helped zaid please don't worry we're going to get that very soon inshallah then in the second example the doer can be an external pronoun

so it will not be within the verb but it can only come after two situation again we'll go through in the forthcoming lesson here the translation is nasarat so she helped mariam who helped mariam so the translation will be mariam is the doer now and i've got to put it in the front this is the way it works in arabic in english here is coming after the verb i cannot put it after the verb in english mariam helped zaid so the doer of the verb now

is mariam so that's what i mean when i say it could be a pronoun or a noun and that's the only bit that you need to remember and we'll show you examples after examples inshallah so when you see a verb you'll translate the pronoun then you look in some cases for a doer is there a noun afterwards in rafa then you will translate it and that's how easy it can be inshallah if you follow this process so the doer can be a pronoun or a noun

so in summary if it's a pronoun you will use one of the 14 forms of the verb which has the pronoun embedded otherwise you look for a noun that comes after the verb which will be in the rafa or marfu state and this is where what we learned in book one is going to pay dividends inshallah in your study here because the this subject of arab is something going to see throughout your life in your study of arabic now when we have the object next the

object can also be a noun or a pronoun for example he helped john helped a stranger for example a stranger in both cases the object who receives the action of help is here a noun okay very easy inshallah i hope you can see that from the english but if i say she helped me the object is now as a pronoun or she helped him it's a pronoun okay she helped us pronoun you can see here now the object can also be a noun or could be

name of a person whatever or it could be a pronoun so this is the two options you have as far as the object is concerned the object is always always mansub and i've repeated that many times in the previous series of lessons so here we have shakarat means thanked who thanked mariam you can see here so i'll have to put mariam first mariam thanked the teacher mariam thanked the teacher okay that's the object how do you notice the object you can see the fatah on top

of the meme there which is the nasab state so mariam thanked the teacher okay mariam thanked him mariam thanked him how do i know it's him here there is an attached pronoun at the end of the verb these are things you're going to learn so in short in summary the object can also be a noun or a pronoun if it's a pronoun it will come as an attached pronoun at the end of the verb attached pronoun the same set of attached pronouns we learned in book

one when we attach them if you remember to half of jar we when they were jar majroor then we attach them to nouns so when they became mudaf mudaf ilayhi again if you remember i repeated many many times then in both cases this jar majroor but when it attached to inna or her sisters it became mansub because inna and her sisters are the huruf of nasab the other condition where it can be nasab or mansub is when it is attached to a verb why becomes the

object so like just like in english we don't say mariam helped or mariam thanked he we say no mariam thanked him so in arabic we need the attached version of the pronoun because it is not the possessive version and that is what the difference is inshallah between the two types of objects either a pronoun then it will be attached to the verb or a noun it will come after mostly after the verb in the nasab state when it is a pronoun we will say it is

nasab why because it is being attached to a verb and it is acting as the direct object remember it is the direct object of the verb and that's it that's the that's your main structure of the jumlah fa'aliyah so in summary verb can be of three types perfect tense i.e the action completed imperfect tense the action being done or will be done or the command form when you command somebody to do of course there are other types of verb like prohibitive which is really an essentially

similar to the command form then the doer of the verb can be a pronoun for example he helped me so the doer is a pronoun or he helped the student the doer is a pronoun or it can be a noun hamid helped me hamid now being the doer so it can be noun or a pronoun the object can also be a noun or a pronoun i helped hamid or zaid helped me so the object now here is a pronoun and that's it as complex as it

looks these are the things that you need to get your head around through a little bit of practise they are very very easy the rest of it is detail and of course with detail comes additional rules but these are the areas where we will be focussing on inshallah at the beginning and then later on we'll go into deeper now if you don't get these you will get confused further down and this is one of the reasons why i feel a lot of people give up arabic

as they start and they're thrown lots of things and they because they haven't learned the basics very well they get confused with all these other things and they're not really complex arabic is a very structured language full of rules and sub rules etc but as long as you practise the rules are very logical and make sense if you don't practise them nobody can remember rules like or equations in maths they're very difficult to remember just x y z squared and all of that stuff but once

you start doing and using the equations they stick so the more examples you do the quicker you learn in conclusion brothers these are the structures we're back to where we started for our journey we began by saying there are only three types of words in arabic they come together to make construct the construct is of two types which gives us meaning and then part construct or incomplete constructs are few here of course we're going to add to that list later on but that's basically the structure

in this course we're going to focus on of course learning the grammatical structures that you see here but more importantly we're going to learn the how the roots go and form these words and how the connection remains how to recognise them not only the verbs but also the asma the nouns that are derived from the root this will give us a wealth of foundation from which even if we don't recognise the word we can quickly go and check in the dictionary we can check its meaning

and therefore inshallah if we practise with the most common words of al quran first this stuff will become relatively second nature to us just like most of us can speak english relatively well whether we learned it as a second language because we use it every single day there's this frequency and it's also this determination inshallah that will help us so i want to take this opportunity to thank you for all the feedback you've given on book one and so many of you have requested for this

and i do apologise this project was delayed by more than a year and a half partly due to my own fault so now alhamdulillah made the intention to complete these lessons i want to thank you for all of you giving support duas and messages may allah bless you and of course all of you who found mistakes and errors in the slides and others and also giving me ideas to how to improve them may allah bless you for it may allah subhanahu wa ta'ala whatever i'm using

here for your benefit some of the slides have been used from other places we've actually shared it with me freely uh alchemist is also one from canada they've shared their details with me and a few other places alhamdulillah may allah bless them all i cannot thank all the people who helped me uh more than enough it is my fault and i ask allah subhanahu wa ta'ala forgive me that there's been such a delay but i made the intention allah subhanahu wa ta'ala give me taufiq first

of all and the ability and the resources to find time to finish this series and i hope inshallah by the end of the series both yourself and myself we will both gain in knowledge and we will both travel closer and closer to the book of allah and more importantly more than anything in the world to the forgiveness of allah azza wa jal and his acceptance um of our good deeds and forgiveness of our mistakes may allah bless please kindly like share subscribe encourage others to learn

also share it with your family your friends your loved ones and encourage the ummah to turn back to the quran to learn it to read it correctly to understand his message and above all invite humanity to it and leave live according to his rules may allah forgive any of my mistakes may allah subhanahu wa ta'ala give me the ability to fiqh to fulfil the obligation here may allah subhanahu wa ta'ala reward you all abundantly and inshallah i will see you in the next video