Grammar term · Nahw · syntax
تَقْدِير
taqdir
Implied estimation (taqdir)
Nahw · syntaxOperationcore term7,475+ in the Qur'an
In one line
Assuming what the ear can't hear: the omitted or hidden element is 'read in', and i'rab treats it as spoken.
Classical definition
التَّقْدِيرُ إِعْطَاءُ المَحْذُوفِ أَوِ المُعْتَلِّ حُكْمَ المَلْفُوظِ بِهِ، فَيُنْوَى لَفْظُهُ أَوْ حَرَكَتُهُ.
“Taqdir is giving the omitted or the phonetically altered element the ruling of what is actually uttered — it is intended though unspoken.”
(بتصرف من ابن هشام)
Key words in the Arabic
يُنْوَىis intended, read in
حُكْمَ الْمَلْفُوظِthe ruling of the spoken
Understand it
Taqdir is the grammar's X-ray: it sees the damma the alif of الْهُدَى cannot show, the هُوَ hiding inside زَيْدٌ قَامَ, the أَهْل missing from 'ask the town'. Whenever you read an i'rab line saying مُقَدَّر or تَقْدِيرُهُ, this operation is running — the analysis restores what pronunciation or economy concealed, so the rules apply without exception.
How to spot it
Recognition test
Any gap between what the rule demands and what the mouth says is closed by taqdir: hidden vowels on weak endings, hidden pronouns in verbs, omitted words with an indicator. State the taqdir explicitly in your i'rab.
In the Qur'an
جَآءَهُمُ ٱلْهُدَىٰ
Al-Isra 17:94 — “guidance came to them”
ٱلْهُدَىٰ is fa'il, and its damma exists only by taqdir — assumed on an alif that can carry nothing.
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