Grammar term · Nahw · syntax
فِعْل الشَّرْط
fi'l al-shart
Verb of the condition
Nahw · syntaxVerb class (in syntax)advanced term1,537+ in the Qur'an
In one line
The condition's verb: the first verb after the adat — jazmed by it when the tool is a jazima: إِن تَنصُرُوا۟.
Classical definition
فِعْلُ الشَّرْطِ هُوَ الفِعْلُ الأَوَّلُ بَعْدَ أَدَاةِ الشَّرْطِ، يُجْزَمُ إِنْ كَانَتِ الأَدَاةُ جَازِمَةً.
“The verb of the condition is the first verb after the conditional particle; it is jazmed if the particle is a jazima.”
(بتصرف من ابن هشام)
Key words in the Arabic
الْفِعْلُ الْأَوَّلُthe first verb
أَدَاةِ الشَّرْطِthe conditional tool
Understand it
Every conditional construction carries two verbs, and this is the opening one — the hypothesis itself. After إِنْ، مَنْ، مَا، مَهْمَا and the other jazim tools it stands in jazm (تَنصُرُوا۟ with its nun gone); after إِذَا and لَوْ it keeps its normal form, and a madi in this slot (إِن جَآءَكُمْ) sits in mahall jazm. Its partner, the jawab, then completes the bargain — see fi'l/jawab al-shart entries for the pairing rules.
How to spot it
Recognition test
The verb immediately after any adat shart: fi'l al-shart. With a jazima expect sukun, a dropped nun, or a dropped weak letter; a past verb there is locally jazmed.
In the Qur'an
وَإِن تَعُدُّوا۟ نِعْمَتَ ٱللَّهِ لَا تُحْصُوهَآ
An-Nahl 16:18 — “And if you tried to count Allah's blessings, you could never number them”
تَعُدُّوا۟ is the fi'l al-shart — jazm shown by the dropped nun after إِن.
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