Grammar term · Nahw · syntax
جَوَاب الشَّرْط
jawab al-shart
Apodosis of the condition
Nahw · syntaxClause/structureadvanced term1,638+ in the Qur'an
In one line
The 'then' half of a condition: it follows from the shart — jazmed with a jazim, or tied on with فَ when it can't be.
The rule (modern)
يَجِبُ اقْتِرَانُ جَوَابِ الشَّرْطِ بِالْفَاءِ إِذَا لَمْ تَصْلُحْ جُمْلَةُ الْجَوَابِ لِأَنْ تَقَعَ بَعْدَ أَدَاةِ شَرْطٍ.
“The answer of the condition must be coupled with fa' whenever the answer-clause is not suited to stand directly after a conditional particle.”
(النحو التطبيقي)
Key words in the Arabic
اقْتِرَانbeing coupled with
لَمْ تَصْلُحْis not suited
Understand it
Every shart sets up a consequence, and grammar gives it two shapes. A plain mudari' answer is simply jazmed: إِنْ تَنْصُرُوا اللَّهَ يَنْصُرْكُمْ. But if the answer is nominal, a command, a jamid verb, or opens with مَا، لَنْ، قَدْ or سَـ/سَوْفَ — the classical mnemonic runs اسْمِيَّةٌ طَلَبِيَّةٌ وَبِجَامِدٍ وَبِمَا وَقَدْ وَبِلَنْ وَبِالتَّنْفِيسِ — it cannot follow the adat directly, and the pin's فَ steps in to tie it on; the fa and its clause then sit in mahall jazm.
How to spot it
Recognition test
Find the adat and its shart clause; the consequence after them is the jawab — either a jazmed verb, or فَ (or إِذَا الْفُجَائِيَّة) + clause in mahall jazm.
In the Qur'an
وَمَا تَفْعَلُوا۟ مِنْ خَيْرٍ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ بِهِۦ عَلِيمٌ
Al-Baqarah 2:215 — “Whatever good you do — indeed, Allah is All-Knowing of it”
The answer إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ بِهِۦ عَلِيمٌ is nominal, so it cannot follow the adat bare — فَ couples it, and the whole stands in mahall jazm.
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