Al-Muḍāri' in the Verbal Sentence
Scales Revision · Jumla Fi'liyyah Rules · Attached Pronouns
- Consolidate recognition of the three muḍāri' scales
- Apply the verbal sentence (jumlah fi'liyyah) rules to muḍāri' verbs
- Identify the doer as internal (embedded) or external noun (rafa') with muḍāri'
- Attach object pronouns to muḍāri' verbs correctly
- Begin recognising muḍāri' verbs in Quranic surahs
Video Lesson
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Introduction
Part Two of Lesson 6 applies everything learned in Part One. The muḍāri' scales are revised and then placed directly into the jumlah fi'liyyah. The key message of this lesson: the rules for the verbal sentence — doer, object, and attached pronouns — are identical whether the verb is māḍī or muḍāri'. Only the verb form changes.
Lesson Notes
Revision — The Three Muḍāri' Scales
| Scale | Pattern | Maadi base | Muḍāri' | Middle vowel |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | يَفْعَلُ | ذَهَبَ | يَذْهَبُ | fatha |
| 2 | يَفْعِلُ | ضَرَبَ | يَضْرِبُ | kasra |
| 3 | يَفْعُلُ | نَصَرَ | يَنْصُرُ | damma |
The 14 conjugations are identical across all three scales — only the middle root letter vowel differs. Learn one, and the other two follow automatically.
The Muḍāri' in the Jumlah Fi'liyyah
The rules learned with the māḍī apply unchanged:
Verb (muḍāri') → Doer in rafa' → Object in nasb The doer and object rules are identical for māḍī and muḍāri'.
The Doer (al-fā'il):
Two types — exactly as with the māḍī:
- Internal (embedded) — the doer pronoun is within the verb. Use whichever of the 14 sighas fits the pronoun you need. No external noun is needed or added.
- يَنْصُرُونَ زَيْدًا — they help Zayd (doer = hum, embedded as waw)
- External noun — only possible after sigha 1 (masculine) or sigha 4 (feminine). The noun comes after the verb in the rafā' state. When a noun appears, the internal doer is cancelled — do not translate both.
- يَسْمَعُ حَامِدٌ الْقُرْآنَ — Hamid hears the Quran (sigha 1 + external noun doer)
- تَنْصُرُ مَرْيَمُ حَامِدًا — Maryam helps Hamid (sigha 4 + external feminine doer)
Note: The external doer can be singular, dual, or plural — the verb stays in sigha 1 or 4. The gender of the verb must match the gender of the noun.
The Object (al-maf'ūl bih):
Two types — exactly as with the māḍī:
- Noun — placed after the verb (and doer) in the mansūb state
- Attached pronoun — suffixed directly to the verb; always acts as the maf'ūl bih
Any pronoun attached to a verb as a suffix = maf'ūl bih (object). Always mansūb.
Example: يَسْأَلُونَكَ — they ask you (yas'alūna = sigha 3, ـكَ = attached object pronoun "you")
Quranic Application — Surah al-Fātiḥah
نَعْبُدُ appears in Surah al-Fātiḥah (1:5). Analysed:
- Root: ع ب د (to worship)
- Scale: يَفْعُلُ (damma pattern) → يَعْبُدُ
- Sigha: 14 (naḥnu — we) → نَعْبُدُ prefix ن, no suffix
- Translation: we worship
From knowing this one sigha, all 14 conjugations of عَبَدَ are available.
Quranic Application — Surah al-Kāfirūn
The surah contains both māḍī and muḍāri' forms from the root ع ب د:
- لَا أَعْبُدُ — I do not worship (sigha 13 muḍāri', prefix أ)
- مَا تَعْبُدُونَ — that which you all worship (sigha 9 muḍāri', prefix ت + waw suffix)
- مَا عَبَدتُّمْ — what you have worshipped (māḍī, sigha 9)
- وَلَا أَنَا عَابِدٌ — nor am I a worshipper (عَابِد = doer noun from same root — covered in nouns lesson)
يَسْأَلُونَكَ — A Pattern to Know
يَسْأَلُونَكَ (they ask you) is one of the most frequently occurring verbal sentence patterns in the Quran. Structure:
- يَسْأَلُونَ = sigha 3 muḍāri' of سَأَلَ (to ask) — root س أ ل, scale yaf'alu
- ـكَ = attached pronoun "you" (masculine singular) — maf'ūl bih
The same pattern repeats with many roots: يُحِبُّونَكَ، يَنْصُرُونَكَ، etc.
Summary
- The rules of the jumlah fi'liyyah (doer, object, attached pronouns) are identical for māḍī and muḍāri'. Only the verb form differs.
- External noun doers only follow sigha 1 (masculine) or sigha 4 (feminine) — applies equally to māḍī and muḍāri'.
- The gender of the verb (sigha 1 or 4) must match the gender of the external doer noun — regardless of whether that noun is singular, dual, or plural.
- Attached pronouns suffixed to a muḍāri' verb always function as the maf'ūl bih (object) — always mansūb.
- يَسْأَلُونَكَ is a key pattern: sigha 3 + attached object pronoun — appears frequently in the Quran.
- With the māḍī and muḍāri' now covered, the next lesson introduces the moods (aḥwāl) of the muḍāri' — the final layer needed before studying how the muḍāri' is modified.
Terminology Reference
| Arabic | Transliteration | Meaning | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| نَعْبُدُ | na'budu | we worship — sigha 14 muḍāri' from root ع ب د (yaf'ulu scale) | FIL |
| يَسْأَلُونَكَ | yas'alūnaka | they ask you — sigha 3 muḍāri' with attached object pronoun ـكَ | FIL |
| تَنْصُرُ | tanṣuru | she helps / you help — sigha 4 or 7 muḍāri' from root ن ص ر | FIL |